ῥίζα

See also: ρίζα and ριζά

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• βρίζα (bríza) (Aeolic)
• ῥίζη (rhízē) (Ionic)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds (“root”). Compare ῥάδιξ (rhádix). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀹𐀪𐀼 (wi-ri-za), Latin radix (“root”), Latin ramus (“branch”), Old Norse rót (“root”) (English root), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐍃 (waurts), Old English wyrt (“herb, plant”) (English wort), Old Irish fren (“root”), and possibly Tocharian B witsako (“root”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /r̥íz.da/ → /ˈri.za/ → /ˈri.za/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /r̥íz.da/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈri.za/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈri.za/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈri.za/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈri.za/

Noun

ῥῐ́ζᾰ • (rhíza) f (genitive ῥῐ́ζης); first declension

1. root (of a plant)
2. source
3. base, foundation
4. stock, family, race

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ῥῐ́ζᾰ; τῆς ῥῐ́ζης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ῥῐ́ζᾰ hē rhíza	τὼ ῥῐ́ζᾱ tṑ rhízā	αἱ ῥῐ́ζαι hai rhízai
Genitive	τῆς ῥῐ́ζης tês rhízēs	τοῖν ῥῐ́ζαιν toîn rhízain	τῶν ῥῐζῶν tôn rhizôn
Dative	τῇ ῥῐ́ζῃ têi rhízēi	τοῖν ῥῐ́ζαιν toîn rhízain	ταῖς ῥῐ́ζαις taîs rhízais
Accusative	τὴν ῥῐ́ζᾰν tḕn rhízan	τὼ ῥῐ́ζᾱ tṑ rhízā	τᾱ̀ς ῥῐ́ζᾱς tā̀s rhízās
Vocative	ῥῐ́ζᾰ rhíza	ῥῐ́ζᾱ rhízā	ῥῐ́ζαι rhízai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀργῠρόρῐζος (argurórizos)
• γλυκύρριζα (glukúrrhiza)
• ῥιζικός (rhizikós)
• ῥίζινος (rhízinos)

 

Descendants

• Greek: ρίζα (ríza)
• Mariupol Greek: ри́за (ríza)
• Tsakonian: σχίντα (schínta)
• → English: rhizo- (learned)

Further reading

• “ῥίζα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ῥίζα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ῥίζα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ῥίζα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• ῥίζα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ῥίζα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G4491 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • base idem, page 64.
  • cause idem, page 118.
  • element idem, page 265.
  • family idem, page 305.
  • foot idem, page 333.
  • foundation idem, page 341.
  • line idem, page 492.
  • origin idem, page 579.
  • race idem, page 667.
  • root idem, page 721.
  • seed idem, page 749.
  • source idem, page 797.
  • spring idem, page 805.
  • starting point idem, page 812.
  • stem idem, page 815.
  • stock idem, page 818.
• “ῥίζα”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011