μίσθιος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From μισθός (misthós, “wages”) +‎ -ιος (-ios, adjective suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /mís.tʰi.os/ → /ˈmis.θi.os/ → /ˈmis.θi.os/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /mís.tʰi.os/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈmis.tʰi.os/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈmis.θi.os/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈmis.θi.os/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈmis.θi.os/

Adjective

μίσθῐος • (místhios) m (feminine μισθίᾱ, neuter μίσθῐον); first/second declension

1. salaried, hired
   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, LYCURGUS 16, (from Plutarch's Lives, volume I: source link):

     ...τοὺς δὲ Σπαρτιατῶν παῖδας οὐκ ἐπὶ ὠνητοῖς οὐδὲ μισθίοις ἐποιήσατο παιδαγωγοῖς ὁ Λυκοῦργος

     ...toùs dè Spartiatôn paîdas ouk epì ōnētoîs oudè misthíois epoiḗsato paidagōgoîs ho Lukoûrgos

     ...for the children of the Spartans, Lycurgus countenanced neither bought nor hired tutors

   • 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, ANTONIUS 6, (from Plutarch's Lives, volume V: source link):

     ...ὅτι φαύλως ἠμφιεσμένον εἶδεν Ἀντώνιον καὶ Κάσσιον ἐπὶ ζεύγους μισθίου πεφευγότας πρὸς αὐτόν

     ...hóti phaúlōs ēmphiesménon eîden Antṓnion kaì Kássion epì zeúgous misthíou pepheugótas pròs autón

2. (substantive) hired labourer
   • Bible, LEVITICUS 25.50, (from The Leviticus: source link):

     καὶ ἔσται τὸ ἀργύριον τῆς πράσεως αὐτοῦ ὡς μισθίου

     kaì éstai tò argúrion tês práseōs autoû hōs misthíou

   • Bible, JOB 7.1, (from The Book of Job: source link):

     πότερον οὐχὶ πειρατήριόν ἐστιν ὁ βίος ἀνθρώπου ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ὥσπερ μισθίου αὐθημερινοῦ ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ

     póteron oukhì peiratḗrión estin ho bíos anthrṓpou epì tês gês kaì hṓsper misthíou authēmerinoû hē zōḕ autoû

   • Bible, TOBIT 5.12, (from The Book of Tobit: source link):

     φυλὴν καὶ πατριὰν σὺ ζητεῖς ἢ μίσθιον

     phulḕn kaì patriàn sù zēteîs ḕ místhion

   • Bible, SIRACH 7.10, (from The Book of Sirach: source link):

     μὴ κακώσῃς οἰκέτην ἐργαζόμενον ἐν ἀληθείᾳ, μηδὲ μίσθιον διδόντα ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ

     mḕ kakṓsēis oikétēn ergazómenon en alētheíāi, mēdè místhion didónta psukhḕn autoû

   • Bible, SIRACH 31.22, (from The Book of Sirach: source link):

     καὶ ἐκχέων αἷμα ὁ ἀποστερῶν μισθὸν μισθίου

     kaì ekkhéōn haîma ho aposterôn misthòn misthíou

   • Bible, SIRACH 37.11, (from The Book of Sirach: source link):

     ...καὶ μετὰ μισθίου ἐφεστίου περὶ συντελείας

     ...kaì metà misthíou ephestíou perì sunteleías

     ...nor with a domestic worker about completing the work

3. (substantive) hired servant
   • Bible, LUKE 15.17, (from The Gospel according to LUKE: source link):

     εἰς ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἐλθὼν εἶπε, Πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύουσιν ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ἀπόλλυμαι·

     eis heautòn dè elthṑn eîpe, Pósoi místhioi toû patrós mou perisseúousin ártōn, egṑ dè limôi apóllumai;

   • Bible, LUKE 15.19, (from The Gospel according to LUKE: source link):

     καὶ οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου· ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου

     kaì oukéti eimì áxios klēthênai huiós sou; poíēsón me hōs héna tôn misthíōn sou

     I am no longer fit to be your son, make me one of your hired servants

4. (substantive) (in the plural) mercenaries

Inflection

First and second declension of μῐ́σθῐος; μῐσθῐ́ᾱ; μῐ́σθῐον (Attic)

Number		Singular				Dual				Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		μῐ́σθῐος místhios	μῐσθῐ́ᾱ misthíā	μῐ́σθῐον místhion		μῐσθῐ́ω misthíō	μῐσθῐ́ᾱ misthíā	μῐσθῐ́ω misthíō		μῐ́σθῐοι místhioi	μῐ́σθῐαι místhiai	μῐ́σθῐᾰ místhia
Genitive		μῐσθῐ́ου misthíou	μῐσθῐ́ᾱς misthíās	μῐσθῐ́ου misthíou		μῐσθῐ́οιν misthíoin	μῐσθῐ́αιν misthíain	μῐσθῐ́οιν misthíoin		μῐσθῐ́ων misthíōn	μῐσθῐ́ων misthíōn	μῐσθῐ́ων misthíōn
Dative		μῐσθῐ́ῳ misthíōi	μῐσθῐ́ᾳ misthíāi	μῐσθῐ́ῳ misthíōi		μῐσθῐ́οιν misthíoin	μῐσθῐ́αιν misthíain	μῐσθῐ́οιν misthíoin		μῐσθῐ́οις misthíois	μῐσθῐ́αις misthíais	μῐσθῐ́οις misthíois
Accusative		μῐ́σθῐον místhion	μῐσθῐ́ᾱν misthíān	μῐ́σθῐον místhion		μῐσθῐ́ω misthíō	μῐσθῐ́ᾱ misthíā	μῐσθῐ́ω misthíō		μῐσθῐ́ους misthíous	μῐσθῐ́ᾱς misthíās	μῐ́σθῐᾰ místhia
Vocative		μῐ́σθῐε místhie	μῐσθῐ́ᾱ misthíā	μῐ́σθῐον místhion		μῐσθῐ́ω misthíō	μῐσθῐ́ᾱ misthíā	μῐσθῐ́ω misthíō		μῐ́σθῐοι místhioi	μῐ́σθῐαι místhiai	μῐ́σθῐᾰ místhia
Derived forms		Adverb				Comparative				Superlative
		μῐσθῐ́ως misthíōs				μῐσθῐώτερος misthiṓteros				μῐσθῐώτᾰτος misthiṓtatos
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

• μίσθιος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette