κινάρα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• κύναρα (kúnara)

Etymology

The variation could lead to a Pre-Greek origin.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ki.ná.raː/ → /ciˈna.ra/ → /ciˈna.ra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ki.ná.raː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kiˈna.ra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ciˈna.ra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ciˈna.ra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ciˈna.ra/

Noun

κῐνάρᾱ • (kinárā) f (genitive κῐνάρᾱς); first declension

1. artichoke (Cynara scolymus)

Inflection

First declension of ἡ κῐνάρᾱ; τῆς κῐνάρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ κῐνάρᾱ hē kinárā	τὼ κῐνάρᾱ tṑ kinárā	αἱ κῐνάραι hai kinárai
Genitive	τῆς κῐνάρᾱς tês kinárās	τοῖν κῐνάραιν toîn kinárain	τῶν κῐναρῶν tôn kinarôn
Dative	τῇ κῐνάρᾳ têi kinárāi	τοῖν κῐνάραιν toîn kinárain	ταῖς κῐνάραις taîs kinárais
Accusative	τὴν κῐνάρᾱν tḕn kinárān	τὼ κῐνάρᾱ tṑ kinárā	τᾱ̀ς κῐνάρᾱς tā̀s kinárās
Vocative	κῐνάρᾱ kinárā	κῐνάρᾱ kinárā	κῐνάραι kinárai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀγρῐοκῐνᾰ́ρᾱ (agriokinárā)
• κῐνᾰρεών (kinareṓn)
• κῐνᾰρηφᾰ́γος (kinarēphágos)

 

Descendants

• Byzantine Greek: ἀγκινάρα (ankinára)
  • Greek: αγκινάρα (agkinára), αγγινάρα f (anginára)
    • → Albanian: angjinare
    • → Ottoman Turkish: انگنار (enginar)
      • Turkish: enginar
      • → Azerbaijani: ənginar
      • → Ladino: endjinara
      • → Persian: انگنار (angenâr, engenâr)
    • → Romanian: anghinare
• → Classical Syriac: ܩܘܢܪܐ (*kunārā), ܩܝܢܪܣ (*kinārās), ܩܢܪܘܣ (*kinārūs, kunārūs)
• → Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קִינְרָסָא (qinərāsā)
  • → Hebrew: קִנְרָס (qinrás)
• → Latin: cinara, cynara
  • → Translingual: Cynara
  • → Arabic: قِنَّارِيّة (qinnāriyya), قَنَّارِيّة (qannāriyya) (only Al-Andalus)
    • → Old Spanish: alcanería
    • → Catalan: alcanària

Further reading

• “κινάρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• κινάρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• “κινάρα”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011