βίοτος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wo-teh₂ or *gʷih₃-etos (“life”), from *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”). Cognate with Latin vīta.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /bí.o.tos/ → /ˈβi.o.tos/ → /ˈvi.o.tos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /bí.o.tos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.o.tos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈβi.o.tos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.o.tos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.o.tos/

Noun

βῐ́οτος • (bíotos) m (genitive βῐότου); second declension

1. life

Declension

Second declension of ὁ βῐ́οτος; τοῦ βῐότου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ βῐ́οτος ho bíotos	τὼ βῐότω tṑ biótō	οἱ βῐ́οτοι hoi bíotoi
Genitive	τοῦ βῐότου toû biótou	τοῖν βῐότοιν toîn biótoin	τῶν βῐότων tôn biótōn
Dative	τῷ βῐότῳ tôi biótōi	τοῖν βῐότοιν toîn biótoin	τοῖς βῐότοις toîs biótois
Accusative	τὸν βῐ́οτον tòn bíoton	τὼ βῐότω tṑ biótō	τοὺς βῐότους toùs biótous
Vocative	βῐ́οτε bíote	βῐότω biótō	βῐ́οτοι bíotoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of βῐ́οτος; βῐότου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	βῐ́οτος bíotos	βῐότω biótō	βῐ́οτοι bíotoi
Genitive	βῐότου / βῐοτοῖο / βῐότοιο / βῐοτόο / βῐότοο biótou / biotoîo / biótoio / biotóo / biótoo	βῐότοιῐν biótoiin	βῐότων biótōn
Dative	βῐότῳ biótōi	βῐότοιῐν biótoiin	βῐότοισῐ / βῐότοισῐν / βῐότοις biótoisi(n) / biótois
Accusative	βῐ́οτον bíoton	βῐότω biótō	βῐότους biótous
Vocative	βῐ́οτε bíote	βῐότω biótō	βῐ́οτοι bíotoi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• βιοτεύω (bioteúō)

Related terms

• βῐ́ος (bíos)

Further reading

• “βίοτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “βίοτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “βίοτος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• βίοτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• βίοτος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• βίοτος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “βίοτος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • life idem, page 489.
  • livelihood idem, page 495.
  • living idem, page 496.
  • maintenance idem, page 508.
  • subsistence idem, page 832.
  • support idem, page 841.
  • sustenance idem, page 846.