阿

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.
See also: 䧁
阿 U+963F, 阿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-963F
← 阾
[U+963E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 陀 →
[U+9640]

Translingual

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

阿 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓中一弓口 (NLMNR), four-corner 71220, composition ⿰阝可)

Derived characters

Descendants

Further reading

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1348, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41599
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1850, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4119, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+963F

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 阿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 阿
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions
Characters in the same phonetic series (可) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砢 *ɡ·raːlʔ
柯 *kaːl
菏 *kaːl, *ɡaːl
牁 *kaːl
滒 *kaːl
哥 *kaːl
歌 *kaːl
謌 *kaːl
鴚 *kaːl
哿 *kaːlʔ
舸 *kaːlʔ
笴 *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ
軻 *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
珂 *kʰaːl
可 *kʰaːlʔ
岢 *kʰaːlʔ
坷 *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls
蚵 *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl
呵 *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls
訶 *qʰaːl
抲 *qʰaːl
荷 *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
何 *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ
河 *ɡaːl
苛 *ɡaːl
魺 *ɡaːl
袔 *ɡaːls
阿 *qaːl
妸 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
疴 *qaːl, *kʰraːls
鈳 *qaːl
娿 *qaːl, *qaːlʔ
痾 *qaːl
跒 *kʰraːlʔ
閜 *qʰraːlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːl) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ): Originally meaning a big mound.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (“noun prefix”) (STEDT).

“atto-”
Borrowed from English atto-.

Pronunciation

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • ă - vernacular;
  • ŏ̤ - literary.
Note:
  • a - vernacular;
  • o - literary.
Note: 4aq - senses 1, 2, 3 only.

Definitions

阿

  1. Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects).
    alt. forms: 亞／亚 dated, 牙 Hong Kong Cantonese neologism
    阿爸  ―  ābà  ―  dad
    阿扁  ―  Ā Biǎn  ―  Ah Bian (Chen Shui-bian)
    《阿Q正傳》／《阿Q正传》  ―  “Āqiū Zhèngzhuàn”  ―  The True Story of Ah Q
  2. (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix to rank seniority for kinship terms.
    阿兄 [Hokkien]  ―  a-hiaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  eldest brother
  3. (Northern Wu, including Suzhounese) Interrogative particle
    倷阿姓趙？ [Suzhounese, trad.]
    倷阿姓赵？ [Suzhounese, simp.]
    From: 1993, 蘇州方言詞典, page 20
    Is your surname Chao?
  4. Alternative form of 啊 (ā, á, ǎ, à, a, “particle”)
  5. Short for 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn, “Afghanistan”).
  6. Short for 阿爾巴尼亞／阿尔巴尼亚 (Ā'ěrbāníyà, “Albania”).
  7. Short for 阿拉伯 (Ālābó, “Arabic”).
  8. atto- (SI unit prefix)

Compounds

See also

SI prefix
Last Next
飛／飞 (fēi) 阿 介/仄

Descendants

  • → English: Ah

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • o - vernacular;
    • o͘ - literary.
Rime
Character 阿
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 歌 (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 烏何切
Baxter 'a
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɑ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɑ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔa/
Li
Rong 		/ʔɑ/
Wang
Li 		/ɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		o1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 阿 阿
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		ē ē
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔa › ‹ ʔa ›
Old
Chinese 		/*qˁa[j]/ /*ʔˁa/ (< *qˁaj)
English slope, river bank 阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara “shining” (E. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 阿
Reading # 1/1
No. 7468
Phonetic
component 		可
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		阿
Old
Chinese 		/*qaːl/

Definitions

阿

  1. big mound; mountain
  2. hillside
  3. fine silks
  4. (literary, of a mountain or stream) bend; corner
  5. waterside
  6. nearby; near
  7. to flatter; to pander to
    阿諛奉承／阿谀奉承  ―  ēyúfèngchéng  ―  sweet-talking
  8. to be unfairly partial to
  9. Alternative form of 屙 (ē, “to excrete”)
  10. a surname

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (阿):

Japanese

Kanji

阿

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
阿
あ
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 阿 (MC 'a).

Pronunciation

Noun

阿(あ) • (a) 

  1. The first letter of Sanskrit, अ (a).
Derived terms
See also

Affix

阿(あ) • (a) 

  1. to flatter; to pander to
  2. ridge (of roof); eaves
  3. A prefix expressing familiarity.
  4. Used as a phonetic element, especially in words from Sanskrit.
  5. Short for アフリカ (Afurika, “Africa”).
  6. Short for 阿波国 (Awa no kuni, “Awa Province”).
Derived terms
to flatter; to pander to
phonetic element
others

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
阿
くま
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 阿 – see the following entry.
【くま】
[noun] 隈, 曲, 阿: corner, nook, recess
[noun] 隈, 曲, 阿: shade, shadow, dark area
[noun] 隈, 曲, 阿: dark circles under one's eyes. often clarified as 目の下のくま.
Alternative spellings
隈, 曲
(This term, 阿, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

阿 (eumhun 언덕 아 (eondeok a))
阿 (eumhun 호칭 옥 (hoching ok))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

References

Vietnamese

Han character

阿: Hán Việt readings: a, á
阿: Nôm readings: a, à

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=阿&oldid=79476119"