零
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Translingual
Traditional | 零 |
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Simplified | 零 |
Japanese | 零 |
Korean | 零 |
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
In Japan, Korea and Traditional Chinese jiu zixing, the bottom component 令 is written 亼 + 𰆊, similar to its Kangxi dictionary form. In traditional Chinese as defined by Taiwan MOE and Hong Kong CLIAC, 令 is written 亼 + マ. In simplified Chinese, the component 令 is written 亽 + マ.
Han character
零 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月人戈戈 (MBOII), four-corner 10307, composition ⿱⻗令)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42242
- Dae Jaweon: page 1880, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4061, character 1
- Unihan data for U+96F6
Chinese
trad. | 零 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 零 | |
alternative forms |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 零 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
命 | *mreŋs |
冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
嶺 | *reŋʔ |
領 | *reŋʔ |
阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
袊 | *reŋʔ |
詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
舲 | *reːŋ |
齡 | *reːŋ |
囹 | *reːŋ |
鴒 | *reːŋ |
蛉 | *reːŋ |
鈴 | *reːŋ |
苓 | *reːŋ |
伶 | *reːŋ |
泠 | *reːŋ |
瓴 | *reːŋ |
拎 | *reːŋ |
刢 | *reːŋ |
玲 | *reːŋ |
聆 | *reːŋ |
竛 | *reːŋ |
軨 | *reːŋ |
笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
翎 | *reːŋ |
閝 | *reːŋ |
鹷 | *reːŋ |
昤 | *reːŋ |
駖 | *reːŋ |
彾 | *reːŋ |
呤 | *reːŋ |
狑 | *reːŋ |
秢 | *reːŋ |
岭 | *reːŋ |
紷 | *reːŋ |
砱 | *reːŋ |
羚 | *reːŋ |
姈 | *reːŋ |
蕶 | *reːŋ |
澪 | *reːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). On the oracle bone script, only thick raindrops are depicted falling from the sky.
Etymology 1
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:
- From Austroasiatic; compare Khmer ភ្លៀង (phliəng, “rain”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *(p)liɲ ~ *(p)liəɲ ~ (p)liiɲ (“sky, rain”).
- Possibly related to Jingpho marang (“rain”), for which STEDT sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-raŋ (“rain”). Starostin also relates it to this Jingpho word and sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rēŋ (“to drop”), also comparing Tibetan སྤྲིན (sprin, “cloud”) and Burmese ရည် (rany, “liquid; juice”).
- Possibly related to 隕 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to drop”) and 霣 (OC *ɢunʔ, “to rain; to fall down like rain”) if one assumes Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s/g-wa (“water; rain”) (or its variant *rwe-) can be simplified to *re- and *we-.
Sense "zero" is introduced in 1248 by Chinese mathematician Li Ye.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nin2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лин (lin, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lin4 / liang4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ling1
- Northern Min (KCR): lâing
- Eastern Min (BUC): lìng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6lin
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lin2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: líng
- Wade–Giles: ling2
- Yale: líng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ling
- Palladius: лин (lin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nin2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lin
- Sinological IPA (key): /nin²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лин (lin, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /liŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ling4 / leng4 / leng4-2
- Yale: lìhng / lèhng / léng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ling4 / leng4 / leng4-2
- Guangdong Romanization: ling4 / léng4 / léng4-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɪŋ²¹/, /lɛːŋ²¹/, /lɛːŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- ling4 - literary;
- leng4, leng4-2 - vernacular (small remaining quantity).
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: len3 / liang3 / liang3*
- Sinological IPA (key): /len²²/, /liaŋ²²/, /liaŋ²²⁻²²⁵/
- len3 - literary;
- liang3, liang3* - vernacular (small remaining quantity).
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lin4 / liang4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lin³⁵/, /liaŋ³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- lin4 - literary;
- liang4 - vernacular.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: làng
- Hakka Romanization System: langˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lang2
- Sinological IPA: /laŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ling1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /lĩŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing
- Sinological IPA (key): /laiŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: lìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃iŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- lêng - literary;
- lân - vernacular (“fragmentary”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lêng5 / lang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng / lâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /leŋ⁵⁵/, /laŋ⁵⁵/
- lêng5 - literary;
- lang5 - vernacular (“fragmentary”).
- Middle Chinese: leng, lengH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤiŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*reːŋ/, /*reːŋs/
Definitions
- fragmentary; scattered
- 零星 ― língxīng ― fragmentary
- fraction; remainder
- zero [from 1248]
- 一減一等於零。/一减一等于零。 ― Yī jiǎn yī děngyú líng. ― One minus one equals zero.
- 三點零五分/三点零五分 ― sān diǎn líng wǔ fēn ― three oh five
- 七百零三 ― qī bǎi líng sān ― seven hundred and three
- 二零零一年 ― èrlínglíngyī nián ― year 2001
- 從零開始/从零开始 ― cóng líng kāishǐ ― Start from scratch
- alt. forms: 〇
- Template:zh-hyper
- Template:zh-cot
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min) Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.
- (gay slang) bottom
- alt. forms: 0
- (obsolete) drizzle
- (obsolete) (of precipitation or tear) to fall
- 感激涕零 ― gǎnjītìlíng ― grateful to tears
- 念彼共人,涕零如雨。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Niàn bǐ gòng rén, tì líng rú yǔ. [Pinyin]
- I think of those [at court] in their offices,
And my tears flow down like rain.
- (obsolete) (of plants or flowers) to wither and fall
- 凋零 ― diāolíng ― to wither and fall
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
Descendants
Others:
See also
Chinese numbers | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 106 | 108 | 1012 | |
Normal (小寫/小写) |
〇, 零, 空 | 一, 蜀 | 二, 兩/两 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬/万, 十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) |
百萬/百万, 桶(Philippines), 面桶 (Philippines) |
億/亿 | 兆 (Taiwan) 萬億/万亿 (Mainland China) |
Financial (大寫/大写) |
零 | 壹 | 貳/贰 | 參/叁 | 肆 | 伍 | 陸/陆 | 柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 |
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lián
- Wade–Giles: lien2
- Yale: lyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
- Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lin4
- Yale: lìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: lin4
- Guangdong Romanization: lin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /liːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: len
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*riːŋ/
Definitions
References
- “零”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
0 | 1 > | |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : 零 | ||
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: りょう (ryō)
- Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)
- Kun: あゆ (ayu, 零ゆ); あえる (aeru, 零える); あえす (aesu, 零えす); あやす (ayasu, 零やす); おちる (ochiru, 零ちる); こぼす (kobosu, 零す); こぼる (koboru, 零る); こぼれる (koboreru, 零れる); ゼロ (zero, 零)
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
零 |
れい Grade: S |
kan’on |
From Middle Chinese [Term?] 零 (leng) with an original meaning of a small rainfall. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician Li Ye to mean zero, extending from its a little bit (of rain) meaning to indicate a bit more remaining. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as 三百零二 (èr), literally three hundred and remaining two, with the 零 character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating zero tens.[1]
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Noun
Numeral
Usage notes
The 〇 spelling is more common in numeric notation.
Proper noun
- a male given name
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
零 |
こぼ(し) Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
零 |
こぼ(れ) Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
零 |
ぜろ Grade: S (ateji) |
kun’yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- ^ 1999, 「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和 ("Sangi" o Koeta Otoko: Mō Hitotsu no Kindai Sūgaku no Tanjō to Seki Takakazu, “The Man Who Went Beyond 'Counting Sticks': The Birth of Another Modern Mathematics, and Seki Takakazu”) (in Japanese), Wang Qing-xiang, Tōkyō: Toyo Shoten, →ISBN
Japanese numbers | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
Regular | 零 (rei) 零 (zero) |
一 (ichi) | 二 (ni) | 三 (san) | 四 (yon) 四 (shi) |
五 (go) | 六 (roku) | 七 (nana) 七 (shichi) |
八 (hachi) | 九 (kyū) 九 (ku) |
十 (jū) |
Formal | 壱 (ichi) | 弐 (ni) | 参 (san) | 拾 (jū) | |||||||
90 | 100 | 300 | 600 | 800 | 1,000 | 3,000 | 8,000 | 10,000 | 100,000,000 | ||
Regular | 九十 (kyūjū) | 百 (hyaku) 一百 (ippyaku) |
三百 (sanbyaku) | 六百 (roppyaku) | 八百 (happyaku) | 千 (sen) 一千 (issen) |
三千 (sanzen) | 八千 (hassen) | 一万 (ichiman) | 一億 (ichioku) | |
Formal | 一萬 (ichiman) | ||||||||||
1012 | 8×1012 | 1013 | 1016 | 6×1016 | 8×1016 | 1017 | 1018 | ||||
一兆 (itchō) | 八兆 (hatchō) | 十兆 (jutchō) | 一京 (ikkei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
Korean
Hanja
零 (eum 령 (ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 영 (yeong))
零 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon))
Vietnamese
Han character
零: Hán Nôm readings: lênh, linh, rinh
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- ja:Numbers
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