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m clean up some labels; add missing space after *; {{zh-noun}} -> {{head|zh|noun}}, {{zh-hanzi}} -> {{head|zh|hanzi}} per WT:RFDO#All templates in Category:Chinese headword-line templates except Template:zh-noun, WT:RFDO#Template:zh-noun; fix some lang codes (manually assisted)
 
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===Alternative forms===
===Alternative forms===
In Japan, Korea and Traditional Chinese {{w|jiu zixing}}, the bottom component [[令]] is written [[亼]] + [[𰆊]], similar to its {{w|Kangxi dictionary}} form. In {{w|traditional Chinese}} as defined by Taiwan MOE and Hong Kong CLIAC, [[令]] is written [[亼]] + [[マ]]. In {{w|simplified Chinese}}, the component [[令]] is written [[亽]] + [[マ]].
In Japan, Korea and Traditional Chinese {{w|jiu zixing}}, the bottom component {{l|mul|令}} is written {{l|mul|亼}} + {{l|mul|𰆊}}, similar to its {{w|Kangxi dictionary}} form. In {{w|traditional Chinese}} as defined by Taiwan MOE and Hong Kong CLIAC, {{l|mul|令}} is written {{l|mul|亼}} + {{l|mul|マ}}. In {{w|simplified Chinese}}, the component {{l|mul|令}} is written {{l|mul|亽}} + {{l|mul|マ}}.


===Han character===
===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=173|rad=雨|as=05|sn=13|four=10307|canj=MBOII|ids=⿱[[雨|⻗]][[令]]}}
{{Han char|rn=173|rad=雨|as=05|sn=13|four=10307|canj=MBOII|ids=⿱[[雨|⻗]][[令]]}}

====Derived characters====
* {{l|mul|[[㩕]] [[㬡]] [[㯪]] [[澪]] [[燯]] [[鿅]] [[䌢]] [[䙥]] [[䴫]] [[䴇]] [[蕶]]}}
* {{l|mul|[[𠏡]] [[𠟨]] [[𨞖]] [[𪞮]] [[𨗺]] [[𤖜]] [[𤾨]] [[𥋞]] [[𥖟]] [[𥢴]] [[𥼸]] [[𦪩]] [[𨆖]] [[𨣖]] [[𨭭]] [[𩁎]] [[𩟃]] [[𩪥]] [[𪋪]]}}
* {{l|mul|[[𮋔]] [[𮘿]]}}


====References====
====References====
{{Han ref|kx=1372.100|dkj=42242|dj=1880.050|hdz=64061.010|uh=96F6}}
{{Han ref|kx=1372.100|dkj=42242|dj=1880.050|hdz=64061.010|uh=96F6}}
{{Han ref|uh=F9B2}}
{{Han ref|uh=F9B2}}

----


==Chinese==
==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|ss=⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶令|alt=𠏡,𡈍,𤅫,𥥋,𮖿,𩂙,霗,𩃞,𩅶,𩆖,𩆼,⿳⻗人𰆊}}
{{zh-forms|ss=⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶令|alt=〇-zero,𠏡,𡈍,𤅫,𥥋,𮖿,𩂙,霗,𩃞,𩅶,𩆖,𩆼,⿳⻗人𰆊}}


===Glyph origin===
===Glyph origin===
Line 41: Line 44:
|m-s=nin2
|m-s=nin2
|dg=лин1
|dg=лин1
|c=ling4,leng4,leng4-2
|c=ling4,leng4,leng4-2,leng4-1
|c_note=ling4 - literary; leng4, leng4-2 - vernacular (small remaining quantity)
|c_note=ling4 - literary; leng4, leng4-2, leng4-1 - vernacular (small remaining quantity)
|c-t=len3,liang3,liang3*
|c-t=len3,liang3,liang3*
|c-t_note=len3 - literary; liang3, liang3* - vernacular (small remaining quantity)
|c-t_note=len3 - literary; liang3, liang3* - vernacular (small remaining quantity)
Line 55: Line 58:
|mn-t=lêng5/lang5
|mn-t=lêng5/lang5
|mn-t_note=lêng5 - literary; lang5 - vernacular (“fragmentary”)
|mn-t_note=lêng5 - literary; lang5 - vernacular (“fragmentary”)
|w=sh:6lin;sz:2lin
|w=3lin
|x=lin2
|x=lin2
|mc=2+3
|mc=2+3
Line 64: Line 67:


====Definitions====
====Definitions====
{{zh-hanzi}}
{{head|zh|hanzi}}


# [[fragmentary]]; [[scattered]]
# [[fragmentary]]; [[scattered]]
#: {{zh-x|零星|fragmentary}}
#: {{zh-x|零星|fragmentary|tr='''líng'''xīng}}
# [[fraction]]; [[remainder]]
# [[fraction]]; [[remainder]]
# {{senseid|zh|Q204}} [[zero]] {{defdate|from 1248}}
# {{senseid|zh|Q204}} [[zero]] {{defdate|from 1248}}
#: {{zh-x|一 減 一 等於 零。|One minus one equals '''zero'''.}}
#: {{zh-x|一 減 一 等於 零。|One minus one equals '''zero'''.|tr=Yī jiǎn yī děngyú '''líng'''.}}
#: {{zh-x|三 點 零 五 分|three '''oh''' five}}
#: {{zh-x|三 點 零 五 分|three '''oh''' five|tr=sān diǎn '''líng''' wǔ fēn }}
#: {{zh-x|七 百 零 三|seven hundred and three}}
#: {{zh-x|七 百 零 三|seven hundred and three|tr=qī bǎi '''líng''' sān}}
#: {{zh-x|二-零-零-一 年|year 2'''00'''1}}
#: {{zh-x|二-零-零-一 年|year 2'''00'''1|tr=èrlíng'''líng'''yī nián}}
#: {{zh-x|從 零 開始|Start from scratch}}
#: {{zh-x|從 零 開始|Start from scratch|tr=cóng '''líng''' kāishǐ }}
#: {{zh-alt-inline|〇}}
#: {{zh-alt-inline|〇}}
#: {{zh-hyper|實數|有理數|整數}}
#: {{hyper|zh|實數|有理數|整數}}
#: {{zh-cot|正數|負數}}
#: {{cot|zh|正數|負數}}
# {{lb|zh|Cantonese|Hakka|Min Bei|Min Dong}} {{n-g|Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.}}
# {{lb|zh|Cantonese|Hakka|Northern Min|Eastern Min}} {{n-g|Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.}}
#: {{zh-x|廿 零{leng4} 蚊|twenty-'''something''' dollars|C}}
#: {{zh-x|廿 零{leng4} 蚊|twenty-'''something''' dollars|C|tr=jaa6 '''leng4''' man1}}
#: {{zh-x|分 零{leng4} 兩 分鐘|one to two minutes|C}}
#: {{zh-x|分 零{leng4} 兩 分鐘|one to two minutes|C|tr=fan1 '''leng4''' loeng5 fan1 zung1}}
#: {{zh-x|七十 零{leng4-2}|seventy-'''something'''|C}}
#: {{zh-x|七十 零{leng4-2}|seventy-'''something'''|C|tr=cat1 sap6 '''leng4-2'''}}
# {{lb|zh|gay slang}} [[bottom]]
# {{lb|zh|gay slang}} [[bottom]]
#: {{zh-alt-inline|0}}
#: {{zh-alt-inline|0}}
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[drizzle]]
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[drizzle]]
# {{lb|zh|of precipitation or tears}} to [[fall]]
# {{senseid|zh|to fall}} {{lb|zh|literary|of precipitation or tears}} to [[fall]]
#: {{zh-x|感激涕零|grateful to tears}}
#: {{zh-x|感激涕零|grateful to tears|tr=gǎnjītì'''líng'''}}
#* {{zh-x|念 彼 共 人，涕 零 如 雨。|I think of those [at court] in their offices,<br>And my tears '''flow down''' like rain.|ref=Shijing}}
#* {{zh-x|念 彼 共 人，涕 零 如 雨。|I think of those [at court] in their offices,<br>And my tears '''flow down''' like rain.|ref=Shijing}}
#* {{zh-x|今 當 遠離，臨 表 涕 零，不 知 所 言。|Now I must leave [for battle] far away. As I face this memorial, my tears '''fall''', and I know not what I have said.|ref='''227''', {{lw|zh|諸葛亮}} ({{w|Zhuge Liang|Zhuge Liang}}), {{lw|zh|s:zh:前出師表|前出師表}} ({{w|Chu Shi Biao|Former ''Chu Shi Biao''}})|CL}}
# {{lb|zh|of plants or flowers}} to [[wither]] and [[fall]]
# {{lb|zh|of plants or flowers}} to [[wither]] and [[fall]]
#: {{zh-x|凋零|to wither and fall}}
#: {{zh-x|凋'''零'''|to wither and fall|tr=diāolíng}}
# {{lb|zh|Cantonese|argot|in {{m|yue|之辰代碼}}}} [[six]]
# {{surname|zh}}.
#: {{zh-co|斗零{ling4-2}|five-cent coin|lit=[coin with mass of] 3 [[candareen]]s and '''6''' [[cash]]|C}}
# {{surname|zh}}


=====Synonyms=====
=====Synonyms=====
{{zh-dial|零}}
* {{see derivation subpage|Drizzle, fall, fragmentary}}


====Compounds====
====Compounds====
{{der3|zh|一零兒//一零儿|丁零|七零九|七零九所|七零八散|七零八落|三零四散|不零不搭|不零不落|五零四散|先零|凋零|化整為零//化整为零|化零為整//化零为整|半零不落|合零為整//合零为整|奇零|孤孤零零|孤苦零丁|孤零零|家業凋零//家业凋零|小零兒//小零儿|彫零|感激涕零|手零腳碎//手零脚碎|拆零|抹零|拾零|掛零//挂零|書劍飄零//书剑飘零|有零|望秋先零|東零西散//东零西散|東零西落//东零西落|歸零//归零|涕淚交零//涕泪交零|涕零|淅留淅零|淋零|淅零淅留|淅零零|湖海飄零//湖海飘零|滴零搭拉|漂零蓬斷//漂零蓬断|琴劍飄零//琴剑飘零|畸零|畸零地|破零三亂//破零三乱|破零二落|稀零|粉零麻碎|絕對零度//绝对零度|藕零兒//藕零儿|雞零狗碎//鸡零狗碎|雨零星散|零丁|零七八碎|零丁孤苦|零丁洋|零下|零亂//零乱|零付款|零件|零係數//零系数|零利|零吃|零和|零售|零售價//零售价|零售價格//零售价格|零售商|零售市場//零售市场|零售店|零售業//零售业|零售點//零售点|零嘴|零基預算//零基预算|零存整付|零工|零布|零座|零庫存//零库存|零打碎敲|零散|零敲碎打|零數//零数|零方案|零星|零時//零时|零替|零活|零淚//零泪|零用|零用金|零用錢/零用钱|零碎|零碼//零码|零稅率//零税率|零組件//零组件|零線//零线|零缺點//零缺点|零聲母//零声母|零股交易|零花|零落|零落山丘|零賣//零卖|零部件|零配件|零錢//零钱|零雨|零零七|零零散散|零零星星|零零碎碎|零零落落|零頭//零头|零食|零餘子//零余子|零點//零点|飄零//飘零}}
* {{see derivation subpage|Drizzle, fall, fragmentary}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
Line 120: Line 126:


====Definitions====
====Definitions====
{{zh-hanzi}}
{{head|zh|hanzi}}


# {{zh-only|先零||西零}}
# {{zh-only|先零/先零||西零/西零}}


===References===
===References===
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}}


{{zh-cat|Beginning|LGBT|Zero}}
[[Category:Beginning Mandarin|雨05]][[Category:zh:LGBT|雨05]][[Category:zh:Zero|雨05]] <!-- {{zh-cat|Beginning|LGBT|Zero}} -->
[[Category:Chinese cardinal numbers|雨05]][[Category:Chinese numeral symbols|雨05]][[Category:Chinese numerals|雨05]] <!-- {{cln|zh|cardinal numbers|numeral symbols|numerals}} -->

{{cln|zh|cardinal numbers|numeral symbols|numerals}}

----


==Japanese==
==Japanese==
Line 138: Line 141:
===Kanji===
===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=c|rs=雨05}}
{{ja-kanji|grade=c|rs=雨05}}

# [[spill]]
# [[zero]]


====Readings====
====Readings====
From {{der|ja|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|零|id=2}}; compare {{cog|cmn|零|tr=líng}}:
{{ja-readings
{{ja-readings
|goon=りょう
|goon=りょう<りやう
|kanon=れい
|kanon=れい
}}
|kun=あ-ゆ, あ-える, あ-えす, あ-やす, お-ちる, こぼ-す, こぼ-る, こぼ-れる, ゼロ-
From {{der|ja|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|零|id=1}}; compare {{cog|cmn|零|tr=lián}}:
{{ja-readings
|goon=れん
|kanon=れん
}}
From native {{w|Japanese_language|Japanese}} roots:
{{ja-readings
|kun=あ-ゆ, あ-える, あ-えす, あ-やす, お-ちる, こぼ-す, こぼ-る, こぼ-れる, しずく-<しづく-, ゼロ-
}}
}}


====Compounds====
====Compounds====
{{der-top|Compounds}}
{{der-top3|Compounds}}
{{ja-r/multi|data=
* {{ja-r|零下|れいか}}: [[sub-zero]]
* {{ja-r|零和|ゼロわ}}: [[zero-sum]]
* {{ja-r/args|零%雨|れい%う}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%下|れい%か}}: [[sub-zero]]
* {{ja-r/args|零%砕|れい%さい}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%細|れい%さい}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%散|れい%さん}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%星|れい%せい}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%戦|^れい%せん}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%楮|れい%ちょ}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%凋|れい%ちょう}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%丁|れい%てい}} ({{ja-r|令%丁|れい%てい|rom=-}})
* {{ja-r/args|零%点|れい%てん}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%度|れい%ど}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%敗|れい%はい}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%廃|れい%はい}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%買|れい%ばい}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%売|れい%ばい}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%封|れい%ふう}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%墨|れい%ぼく}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%本|れい%ほん}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%余|れい%よ}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%落|れい%らく}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%乱|れい%らん}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%涙|れい%るい}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%露|れい%ろ}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%戦|^ゼロ%せん}}
* {{ja-r/args|零%和|ゼロ%わ}}: [[zero-sum]]
* {{ja-r/args|先%零|^せん%れん}}
}}
{{der-bottom}}
{{der-bottom}}


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=kanon|れい}}
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=kanon|れい}}
From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=れい}} {{m|zh|零|tr=leng}} with an original meaning of ''a small rainfall''. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician [[w:Li Ye (mathematician)|Li Ye]] to mean {{m|en|zero}}, extending from its ''a little bit (of rain)'' meaning to indicate ''a bit more remaining''. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as {{m|zh|三}}{{m|zh|百}}{{m|zh|零}}{{m|zh|二}}, literally ''three hundred '''and remaining''' two'', with the {{m|zh|零}} character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating ''zero'' tens.<ref>'''1999''', {{lang|ja|「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和}} (''"Sangi" o Koeta Otoko: Mō Hitotsu no Kindai Sūgaku no Tanjō to Seki Takakazu'', “The Man Who Went Beyond 'Counting Sticks': The Birth of Another Modern Mathematics, and Seki Takakazu”) (in Japanese), Wang Qing-xiang, [[w:Tokyo|Tōkyō]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025052930/http://www.toyoshoten.co.jp/ Toyo Shoten], {{ISBN|4-88595-226-3}}</ref>
From {{der|ja|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|零|id=2}} with an original meaning of ''a small rainfall''. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician [[w:Li Ye (mathematician)|Li Ye]] as a placeholder, extending from its ''a little bit (of rain)'' meaning to indicate ''a bit more remaining''. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as {{m|zh|三}}{{m|zh|百}}{{m|zh|零}}{{m|zh|二}}, literally ''three hundred '''and remaining''' two'', with the {{m|zh|零}} character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating ''zero'' tens.<ref>'''1999''', {{lang|ja|「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和}} (''"Sangi" o Koeta Otoko: Mō Hitotsu no Kindai Sūgaku no Tanjō to Seki Takakazu'', “The Man Who Went Beyond 'Counting Sticks': The Birth of Another Modern Mathematics, and Seki Takakazu”) (in Japanese), Wang Qing-xiang, [[w:Tokyo|Tōkyō]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025052930/http://www.toyoshoten.co.jp/ Toyo Shoten], {{ISBN|4-88595-226-3}}</ref> It would thus implicitly take on the meaning of {{m|en|zero}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|yomi=kanon|れい|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}


====Alternative forms====
====Alternative forms====
* {{ja-l|〇}}
* {{ja-l|〇}}

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|れい|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}


====Noun====
====Noun====
Line 198: Line 240:


[[Category:Japanese numeral symbols|0]]
[[Category:Japanese numeral symbols|0]]

----


==Korean==
==Korean==


===Hanja===
===Etymology 1===
{{ko-hanja|령||영}}
From {{der|ko|ltc|-|sort=령}} {{ltc-l|零|id=2+3}}.


====Pronunciation====
{{ko-hanja|련||연}}
{{ko-hanja-pron|령|영}}


====Hanja====
# [[zero]]
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|떨어지다|떨어질|령||영}}


# {{hanja form of|[[령]]/[[영]]|[[zero]]}}
----

=====Compounds=====
{{der-top|Compounds}}
{{ko-l/multi|data=
* {{ko-l/args|零簡|영간}}
* {{ko-l/args|零絹|영견}}
* {{ko-l/args|零絹殘墨|영견잔묵}}
* {{ko-l/args|零度|영도}}
* {{ko-l/args|零落|영락}}
* {{ko-l/args|零落掃地|영락소지}}
* {{ko-l/args|零靈碎碎|영령쇄쇄}}
* {{ko-l/args|零零碎碎|영령쇄쇄}}
* {{ko-l/args|零零瑣瑣|영령쇄쇄}}
* {{ko-l/args|零露|영로}}
* {{ko-l/args|零淚|영루}}
* {{ko-l/args|靈買|영매}}
* {{ko-l/args|靈賣|영매}}
* {{ko-l/args|零賣所|영매소}}
* {{ko-l/args|零墨|영묵}}
* {{ko-l/args|零本|영본}}
* {{ko-l/args|零散|영산}}
* {{ko-l/args|零上|영상}}
* {{ko-l/args|零羨|영선}}
* {{ko-l/args|零星|영성}}
* {{ko-l/args|零細|영세}}
* {{ko-l/args|零碎|영쇄}}
* {{ko-l/args|零瑣|영쇄}}
* {{ko-l/args|零時|영시}}
* {{ko-l/args|零餘|영여}}
* {{ko-l/args|零染|영염}}
* {{ko-l/args|零雨|영우}}
* {{ko-l/args|零元|영원}}
* {{ko-l/args|零殘|영잔}}
* {{ko-l/args|零在|영재}}
* {{ko-l/args|零賊|영적}}
* {{ko-l/args|零錢|영전}}
* {{ko-l/args|零點|영점}}
* {{ko-l/args|零丁|영정}}
* {{ko-l/args|零丁孤苦|영정고고}}
* {{ko-l/args|零濟|영제}}
* {{ko-l/args|零凋|영조}}
* {{ko-l/args|零糶|영조}}
* {{ko-l/args|零條|영조}}
* {{ko-l/args|零則必虧|영즉필휴}}
* {{ko-l/args|零替|영체}}
* {{ko-l/args|零墜|영추}}
* {{ko-l/args|零縮|영축}}
* {{ko-l/args|零唾|영타}}
* {{ko-l/args|零下|영하}}
* {{ko-l/args|零歇|영헐}}
* {{ko-l/args|孤苦零丁|고고영정}}
* {{ko-l/args|斷簡零墨|단간영묵}}
* {{ko-l/args|自零|자령}}
* {{ko-l/args|丁零|정령}}
* {{ko-l/args|凋零|조령}}
* {{ko-l/args|七零八落|칠령팔락}}
* {{ko-l/args|飄零|표령}}
}}
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
From {{der|ko|ltc|-|sort=련}} {{ltc-l|零|id=1}}.

====Pronunciation====
{{ko-hanja-pron|련|연}}

====Hanja====
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|[[종족]] [[이름]]|련||연}}

# {{rfdef|ko|sort=련|langname=Korean}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|13787}}
* {{R:zonmal|38646}}


==Vietnamese==
==Vietnamese==
Line 217: Line 335:
{{vi-readings|readings=lênh,linh,rinh|rs=雨05}}
{{vi-readings|readings=lênh,linh,rinh|rs=雨05}}


# {{rfdef|vi|sort=雨05}}
# {{rfdef|vi|sort=雨05|langname=Vietnamese}}

{{cln|vi|numeral symbols}}

Latest revision as of 18:59, 27 March 2024

See also: 〇 and 𩆖
零 U+96F6, &#38646;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F6
← 雵
[U+96F5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 雷 →
[U+96F7]
零 U+F9B2, &#63922;
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B2
← 鈴
[U+F9B1] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 靈 →
[U+F9B3]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
Wikimedia Commons has more media related to:

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 零
Simplified 零
Japanese 零
Korean 零
Stroke order
13 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms[edit]

In Japan, Korea and Traditional Chinese jiu zixing, the bottom component 令 is written 亼 + 𰆊, similar to its Kangxi dictionary form. In traditional Chinese as defined by Taiwan MOE and Hong Kong CLIAC, 令 is written 亼 + マ. In simplified Chinese, the component 令 is written 亽 + マ.

Han character[edit]

零 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+5, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一月人戈戈 (MBOII), four-corner 10307, composition ⿱⻗令)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42242
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1880, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4061, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+96F6

Chinese[edit]

trad. 零
simp. # 零
2nd round simp. ⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶令
alternative forms
 
〇 zero
𠏡
𡈍
𤅫
𥥋
〇 zero
𠏡
𡈍
𤅫
𥥋
𮖿
𩂙
霗
𩃞
𩅶
𩆖
𩆼
⿳⻗人𰆊

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 零
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
令 *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
怜 *riːn, *reːŋ
零 *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs
魿 *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ
命 *mreŋs
冷 *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
跉 *reŋ, *reːŋ
嶺 *reŋʔ
領 *reŋʔ
阾 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
柃 *reŋʔ, *reːŋ
袊 *reŋʔ
詅 *reŋs, *reːŋ
旍 *ʔsleŋ
舲 *reːŋ
齡 *reːŋ
囹 *reːŋ
鴒 *reːŋ
蛉 *reːŋ
鈴 *reːŋ
苓 *reːŋ
伶 *reːŋ
泠 *reːŋ
瓴 *reːŋ
拎 *reːŋ
刢 *reːŋ
玲 *reːŋ
聆 *reːŋ
竛 *reːŋ
軨 *reːŋ
笭 *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ
翎 *reːŋ
閝 *reːŋ
鹷 *reːŋ
昤 *reːŋ
駖 *reːŋ
彾 *reːŋ
呤 *reːŋ
狑 *reːŋ
秢 *reːŋ
岭 *reːŋ
紷 *reːŋ
砱 *reːŋ
羚 *reːŋ
姈 *reːŋ
蕶 *reːŋ
澪 *reːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). On the oracle bone script, only thick raindrops are depicted falling from the sky.

Etymology 1[edit]

Unclear. Schuessler (2007) proposes several possibilities:

Sense "zero" is introduced in 1248 by Chinese mathematician Li Ye.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • ling4 - literary;
  • leng4, leng4-2, leng4-1 - vernacular (small remaining quantity).
Note:
  • len3 - literary;
  • liang3, liang3* - vernacular (small remaining quantity).
Note:
  • lin4 - literary;
  • liang4 - vernacular.
Note:
  • lêng - literary;
  • lân - vernacular (“fragmentary”).
Note:
  • lêng5 - literary;
  • lang5 - vernacular (“fragmentary”).
Rime
Character 零 零
Reading # 2/3 3/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 青 (125) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV IV
Fanqie 郎丁切 郎定切
Baxter leng lengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/leŋ/ /leŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/leŋ/ /leŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛŋ/ /lɛŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛjŋ/ /lɛjŋH/
Li
Rong 		/leŋ/ /leŋH/
Wang
Li 		/lieŋ/ /lieŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lieŋ/ /lieŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		líng lìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ling4 ling6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 零
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		líng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ leng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁiŋ/
English fall (v., of rain)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 零 零
Reading # 2/3 3/3
No. 8305 8331
Phonetic
component 		令 令
Rime
group 		耕 耕
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		靈 零
Old
Chinese 		/*reːŋ/ /*reːŋs/

Definitions[edit]

零

  1. fragmentary; scattered
    零星  ―  língxīng  ―  fragmentary
  2. fraction; remainder
  4. zero [from 1248]
    一減一等於零。／一减一等于零。  ―  Yī jiǎn yī děngyú líng.  ―  One minus one equals zero.
    三點零五分／三点零五分  ―  sān diǎn líng wǔ fēn  ―  three oh five
    七百零三  ―  qī bǎi líng sān  ―  seven hundred and three
    二零零一年  ―  èrlínglíngyī nián  ―  year 2001
    從零開始／从零开始  ―  cóng líng kāishǐ  ―  Start from scratch
    alt. forms: 〇
    Hypernyms: 實數／实数 (shíshù), 有理數／有理数 (yǒulǐshù), 整數／整数 (zhěngshù)
    Coordinate terms: 正數／正数 (zhèngshù), 負數／负数 (fùshù)
  5. (Cantonese, Hakka, Northern Min, Eastern Min) Used after a number or a classifier to express a small remaining quantity.
    廿零蚊 [Cantonese]  ―  jaa6 leng4 man1 [Jyutping]  ―  twenty-something dollars
    分零兩分鐘／分零两分钟 [Cantonese]  ―  fan1 leng4 loeng5 fan1 zung1 [Jyutping]  ―  one to two minutes
    七十零 [Cantonese]  ―  cat1 sap6 leng4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  seventy-something
  6. (gay slang) bottom
    alt. forms: 0
  7. (obsolete) drizzle
  9. (literary, of precipitation or tears) to fall
    感激涕零  ―  gǎnjītìlíng  ―  grateful to tears
  10. (of plants or flowers) to wither and fall
    凋零  ―  diāolíng  ―  to wither and fall
  11. (Cantonese, cant, in 之辰代碼／之辰代码) six
    斗零 [Cantonese]  ―  dau2 ling4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  five-cent coin (literally, “[coin with mass of] 3 candareens and 6 cash”)
  12. a surname
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 零 (“zero”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 零, 洞 as a digit
Mandarin Beijing 零
Taiwan 零
Harbin 零
Yantai (Muping) 零
Jinan 零
Luoyang 零
Xi'an 零
Yinchuan 零
Lanzhou 零
Xining 零
Ürümqi 零
Wuhan 零
Chengdu 零
Guiyang 零
Liuzhou 零
Xuzhou 零
Yangzhou 零
Nanjing 零
Malaysia 零
Singapore 零
Cantonese Guangzhou 零
Hong Kong 零
Macau 零
Dongguan 零
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 零
Singapore (Guangfu) 零
Gan Lichuan 零
Pingxiang 零
Hakka Meixian 零
Yudu 零
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 零
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 零
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 零
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 零
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 零
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 零
Huizhou Jixi 零
Jin Taiyuan 零
Xinzhou 零
Northern Min Jian'ou 零
Eastern Min Fuzhou 零, 環
Southern Min Xiamen 空, 零
Quanzhou 空
Zhangzhou 空
Taipei 空
Kaohsiung 空
Tainan 空
Penang (Hokkien) 空
Singapore (Hokkien) 空
Manila (Hokkien) 空
Chaozhou 空
Shantou 空
Singapore (Teochew) 空
Batam (Teochew) 空
Leizhou 零
Wenchang 空, 零
Haikou 空, 零
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 零
Wu Shanghai 零
Shanghai (Chongming) 零
Suzhou 零
Hangzhou 零
Ningbo 零
Wenzhou 零
Jinhua 零

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (零):
  • → Japanese: 零(れい) (rei)
  • → Korean: 령(零) (ryeong)
  • → Vietnamese: linh (零)

Others:

See also[edit]

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩／两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬／百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写) 		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 零
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 落賢切
Baxter len
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/len/
Pan
Wuyun 		/len/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɛn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lɛn/
Li
Rong 		/len/
Wang
Li 		/lien/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lien/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lin4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 零
Reading # 1/3
No. 8273
Phonetic
component 		令
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		蓮
Old
Chinese 		/*riːŋ/

Definitions[edit]

零

  1. Only used in 先零／先零 and 西零／西零 (Xīlián).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Japanese cardinal numbers
0 1  > 
    Cardinal : 零

Kanji[edit]

零

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. spill
  2. zero

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leng); compare Mandarin 零 (líng):

From Middle Chinese 零 (MC len); compare Mandarin 零 (lián):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
零
れい
Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leng) with an original meaning of a small rainfall. The character was later repurposed in 1248 by mathematician Li Ye as a placeholder, extending from its a little bit (of rain) meaning to indicate a bit more remaining. In Li Ye's notation, a number like 302 would be represented as 三百零二 (èr), literally three hundred and remaining two, with the 零 character used as a means of skipping the tens place, by indicating zero tens.[1] It would thus implicitly take on the meaning of zero.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

零(れい) • (rei) 

  1. zero

Numeral[edit]

零(れい) • (rei) 

  1. zero
Usage notes[edit]

The 〇 spelling is more common in numeric notation.

Proper noun[edit]

零(れい) • (Rei) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
零
こぼ(し)
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry.
【零こぼし】
[noun] a spill (implying intent or fault by someone)
[noun] grumbling (as when one's emotions overflow)
Alternative spellings
溢し, 翻し
(This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
零
こぼ(れ)
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry.
【零こぼれ】
[noun] a spill (implying a natural or unintended event)
[noun] remainder, leftover
Alternative spelling
翻れ
(This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
零
ぜろ
Grade: S
(ateji)
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 零 – see the following entry.
【ゼロ】
[numeral] zero (number)
[numeral] (informal) Used to refer to something measurable being absent or missing.
Alternative spelling
〇
(This term, 零, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1999, 「算木」を超えた男: もう一つの近代数学の誕生と関孝和 ("Sangi" o Koeta Otoko: Mō Hitotsu no Kindai Sūgaku no Tanjō to Seki Takakazu, “The Man Who Went Beyond 'Counting Sticks': The Birth of Another Modern Mathematics, and Seki Takakazu”) (in Japanese), Wang Qing-xiang, Tōkyō: Toyo Shoten, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN


Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零(れい) (rei)
零(ゼロ) (zero) 		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
四(し) (shi) 		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
七(しち) (shichi) 		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
九(く) (ku) 		十(じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku) 		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
一(いっ)千(せん) (issen) 		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 零 (MC leng|lengH).

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

零 (eumhun 떨어질 령 (tteoreojil ryeong), word-initial (South Korea) 떨어질 영 (tteoreojil yeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 령/영 (“zero”).
Compounds[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 零 (MC len).

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

零 (eumhun 종족 이름 련 (jongjok ireum ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 종족 이름 연 (jongjok ireum yeon))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
  • Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [3]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

零: Hán Nôm readings: lênh, linh, rinh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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