ni
English
Pronunciation
Audio (General American): (file)
Noun
ni
See also
Anagrams
Abinomn
Pronoun
ni
- you (singular)
Afar
Pronunciation
Determiner
ní
- our
- Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language][2], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 5:
- Diggah nanu Ni Rabbow koo inkittosnaah Qibaada dibuk koo caglisna, nanu ni-caagiidah inkih cato koo esserra.
- Our God, with strength we make you whole, only you we give [our] adoration, we as one ask you for help with our afairs.
See also
References
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “ni”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[3], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Ainu
Pronunciation
Noun
ni (Kana spelling ニ)
Synonyms
Albanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *nū, from Proto-Indo-European *nū (“now”). Cognate to Sanskrit नू (nū, “now”).[1] Often occurs in coordination with other particles, compare tani, nani, nime.
Adverb
ni
Related terms
References
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
Anguthimri
Noun
ni
References
- Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 187
Aromanian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin nīs, from Latin nos. Compare Romanian ne (older form nă).
Pronoun
ni (unstressed accusative and reflexive form of noi)
- (direct object, first-person plural) us
Related terms
- noi (stressed accusative)
Pronoun
ni (unstressed dative and reflexive form of noi)
- (indirect object, first-person plural) (to) us
Related terms
- nau (stressed dative)
See also
Asturian
Noun
ni f (uncountable)
- nu (name for the letter of the Greek alphabet: Ν and ν)
Atong (India)
Etymology
From Proto-Bodo-Garo *nɯi⁴ (“two”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s (“two”). Cognate with S'gaw Karen ခံ (khee), Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis), Sikkimese ཉི (nyi), Nuosu ꑍ (nyip), Burmese နှစ် (hnac).
Pronunciation
Numeral
ni (Bengali script নি)
Synonyms
References
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Bambara
Etymology 1
Noun
ni
Etymology 2
Conjunction
ni
References
- Richard Nci Diarra, Lexique bambara-français-anglais, December 13, 2010
Basque
Etymology
From Proto-Basque *ni.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
- First-person singular personal pronoun; I
- c. 1808, Juan Bautista Aguirre, Eracusaldiac [Lessons][4], Tolosa, published 1850, page 473:
- […] Jauna: ez naiz ni beñere izan zu neure viotzean artzeco diña […]
- [ […] Jauna, ez naiz ni beñere izan zu nere biotzean artzeko diña […] ]
- […] Lord, not even once have I been worth of belonging to your heart […]
- 1989, Gorka Aulestia, Basque-English Dictionary, Douglas: William A, page 53:
- Ni errege izan nintzen.
- I was king.
- 2013, Patricio Urquizu Sarasua, Gramática de la lengua vasca, Universidad Nacional de Educación de Distancia, page 154:
- Ni etorri naiz.
- I have come.
Declension
Derived terms
Further reading
- “ni”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
- “ni”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
Biloxi
Noun
ni
- Synonym of ani (“water”)
References
- David Kaufman, Tanêks-Tąyosą Kadakathi: Biloxi-English Dictionary (University of Kansas, 2011, →ISBN, page 34
Breton
Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.
Pronoun
ni
- we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Brythonic *nei, from Proto-Celtic *neɸūss, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.
Noun
ni m (plural nied)
Catalan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Conjunction
ni
Adverb
ni
Etymology 2
Noun
ni f (plural nis)
Danish
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niende | ||
Etymology
From Old Norse níu, from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥ (“nine”).
Pronunciation
Numeral
ni
Drung
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj.
Noun
ni
References
- Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[5], Santa Barbara: University of California
Dumbea
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
References
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDuᵐbea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
- Shintani, T.L.A. & Païta, Y. (1990) Dictionnaire de la langue de Païta, Nouméa: Sociéte d'etudes historiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cited in: "Drubea" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
Determiner
ni
- this.
Pronoun
ni
- this.
Esperanto
Etymology
From Italian noi, French nous, Spanish nos, Latin nos, plus the i of personal pronouns.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni (first-person plural, accusative nin, possessive nia)
- we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
- Ni batis lin.
- We hit him.
- ourselves
- Ni diris al ni.
- We said to ourselves.
French
Etymology
From Middle French ny, from Old French ne, from Latin nec. Compare Italian né, Catalan and Spanish ni, Portuguese nem.
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ni
- neither; nor
- 1898, Revue du monde invisible, page 339:
- Notre imagination, si ardente qu’on la suppose, ne peut ni guérir instantanément une lésion organique, ni ressusciter un mort.
- Our imagination, so ardent as we suppose, can neither instantaneously heal an organic lesion, nor resuscitate the dead.
- 1876, Bulletins et mémoires de la Société médicale des hôpitaux de Paris, Volume 12:
- […] les constitutions accidentelles ou intercurrentes ne sont ni moins importantes ni plus faciles à expliquer.
- […] accidental or intercurrent constitutions are neither less important nor easier to explain.
- c. 1656–1662, Blaise Pascal, “Preuves par discours I – Papier original : RO 3-1 r° / v° et RO 7-1 r° / v°”, in Pensées [Thoughts][6]:
- Mais nous ne connaissons ni l’existence ni la nature de Dieu, parce qu’il n’a ni étendue, ni bornes.
- But we know neither the existence nor the nature of God, because He has neither extent nor limits.
Usage notes
- Used with the negative particle ne.
- Chiefly used at least twice in the same sentence the same way neither and nor would be used in an English sentence, such as ni riche, ni pauvre (“neither rich nor poor”).
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “ni”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Gothic
Romanization
ni
- Romanization of 𐌽𐌹
Hausa
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Chadic, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ˀanāku.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
nī
- I (1st person singular pronoun)
See also
- mínì (1st person singular indirect object enclitic pronoun)
- nì (1st person singular independent object pronoun)
- -wá (1st person singular possessive enclitic pronoun)
Hungarian
Etymology
Native word of debated origin:[1]
- Shortened from nézd (“look!”) ~ nízd (a dialectal variant).
- An onomatopoeia expressing astonishment.
Pronunciation
Interjection
ni
- (colloquial) lo!, look!
- Itt van ni! ― Look! Here it is!
Usage notes
Most of the time it is used in its duplicated form: nini!
References
- ^ ni in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- ni in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Idi
Noun
ni
References
Ido
Pronoun
ni
- (personal) we (first-person plural personal pronoun)
Ingrian
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ni
- Alternative form of niin
- 1937, V. A. Tetjurev, translated by N. I. Molotsova, Loonnontiito (ensimäin osa): oppikirja alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
- Jot saavva tiitä mitä ono pintamaas, ni pittää tehä mokomat oopьtat.
- In order to get to know what is in the topsoil, (that's why) it's important to perform such experiments.
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 340
Interlingua
Alternative forms
Etymology
From French and Spanish ni, from Latin nec (“and not”).
Adverb
ni
- and not.
- Io non sape, ni vole saper ― I don’t know, and I don’t want to know
- Neither, nor.
- Illo ni me place ni displace ― It neither pleases me nor displeases me
- And, or (following a "with no" or "without").
- Nos debe resister sin aqua ni alimento ― We must resist with no water or food
Italian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Adverb
ni
Etymology 2
Noun
ni m or f (invariable)
- nu (Greek letter)
Anagrams
Japanese
Romanization
ni
Kamano
Alternative forms
Noun
ni
References
- The Papuan Languages of New Guinea (1986, →ISBN
Kansa
Etymology
From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).
Noun
ni
References
- Kansa dictionary
- Quapaw dictionary, in notes: "ni (ni) - water, river, liquid (Kanza)"
Kedah Malay
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
- you (singular)
Klao
Noun
ni
References
- World Lexicon of Grammaticalization (2002, →ISBN
Laboya
Pronunciation
Noun
ni
References
- Allahverdi Verdizade (2019) “ni”, in Lamboya word list[7], Leiden: LexiRumah
Latin
Etymology
From Old Latin nei, from Proto-Italic *nei, from Proto-Indo-European *néy (“not”), from *ne. Cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌹 (nei), Lithuanian nei, Old Church Slavonic ни (ni), Old Irish ní and Sanskrit न (ná). See also nē.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /niː/, [niː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ni/, [niː]
Adverb
nī (not comparable)
Derived terms
Conjunction
nī
- not, that not, unless; like ne in imperative and intentional clauses
- Ni quid tibi hinc in spem referas. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Vinum aliudve quid ni laudato. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Numa constituit, ut pisces, qui squamosi non essent, ni pollucerent ... ni qui ad polluctum emerent. ― Numa ordained scaleless fish not to be served nor bought for serving.
Ligurian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Conjunction
ni
Livonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *nügüt. Cognates include Finnish nyt.
Adverb
ni
Lolopo
Etymology
From Proto-Loloish *(ʔ)-ne¹, from Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔnəj¹/³, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj (“sun; day”).
Pronunciation
Noun
ni
- (Yao'an) day
References
- Merrifield, Judith, Merrifield, Scott (2018) “Query for ni”, in Yao'an Loxrlavu – English Dictionary (in Chinese), SIL International
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German nie, from Old High German nio. Cognate with German nie.
Pronunciation
Adverb
ni
Synonyms
Malay
Alternative forms
Etymology
Shortened form of ini, from Proto-Malayic *(i)ni(ʔ), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.
Pronunciation
Determiner
ni
- (colloquial) this (the (thing) here)
- (colloquial) this (known (thing) just mentioned)
- (colloquial) this (known (thing) about to be mentioned)
- (colloquial) this (known (thing) that the speaker does not think is known to the audience)
Pronoun
ni
- (colloquial) this (The thing, item, etc. being indicated)
Mandarin
Romanization
ni
- Nonstandard spelling of nī.
- Nonstandard spelling of ní.
- Nonstandard spelling of nǐ.
- Nonstandard spelling of nì.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Marshallese
Etymology
From Proto-Micronesian *niu, from Proto-Oceanic *niuʀ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *niuʀ.
Pronunciation
Noun
ni
- coconut tree
Related terms
- iu (coconut)
References
Middle English
Adverb
ni
- Alternative form of ne
Conjunction
ni
- Alternative form of ne
Middle Irish
Particle
ni
- Alternative spelling of ní
Mizo
Etymology 1
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii (“sun; day”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj (“sun; day”).
Noun
ni
Etymology 2
Noun
ni
References
- Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940) “ni”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society
Mohegan-Pequot
Pronoun
ni (first person singular)
- singular first-person pronoun I
Pronoun
ni
- second person singular pronoun you
- Shí dóó ni ayóo ałk’is niidlį́.
- You and I are really good friends.
- second person singular possessive pronoun yours
- Díí naaltsoos éí ni.
- This book is yours.
Usage notes
The verb in Navajo incorporates information about person, and many sentences may thus not have explicit independent pronouns. For instance:
- Hooghandi naniná.
- Ni éí hooghandi naniná.
Both sentences are grammatically complete, and mean essentially the same thing: you are at home. The verb naniná is in the second-person form, so the pronoun can be safely omitted, as in the first sentence. This is similar to pronoun dropping in other languages where the verb specifies person, such as Spanish. Meanwhile, the explicit use of ni in the second sentence emphasizes that the speaker is talking about you. This can be thought of as roughly equivalent to the use of emphasis in English: while the first sentence comes across as you're at home, the second one is more like you, you're at home.
See also
Naxi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋja.
Noun
ni
Etymology 2
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s.
Numeral
ni
References
- Naxi Dictionary by T.M. Pinson, Lijiang 2012
Ningil
Noun
ni
References
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
- Margaret Manning, Naomi Saggers, A Tentative Phonemic Analysis of Ningil (SIL), in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/
Norwegian Bokmål
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niende | ||
Etymology
From Old Norse níu (whence also Danish ni, Icelandic níu, Faroese níggju and Swedish nio) from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥. Cognate with Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌽 (niun); Old English niġon (English nine); Old Frisian nigun (West Frisian njoggen); Old High German niun (German neun).
Pronunciation
Numeral
ni
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- “ni” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
< 8 | 9 | 10 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni Ordinal : niande | ||
Alternative forms
Etymology
Numeral
ni
Derived terms
References
- “ni” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Nutabe
Noun
ni
References
- Paul Rivet, Nouvelle contribution à l’étude de l’ethnologie précolombienne de Colombie, Journal de la Société des Américanistes volume 35, pages 25-39 (1943), page 26
Old High German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ne.
Pronunciation
Particle
ni
Derived terms
Descendants
Old Irish
Particle
ni
- Alternative spelling of ní
Omaha-Ponca
Etymology
From Proto-Siouan *wa-rį́• (“water”).
Noun
ni
References
- Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Francis La Flesche, The Omaha Tribe (1970), page 166
Phalura
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Determiner
ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
- this (agr: prox fem / prox non-nom masc)
References
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Determiner
ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
- these (agr: prox)
References
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[9], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
- it
- she (prox fem nom)
References
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[10], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling نیۡ)
- they (prox nom)
References
- Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[11], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Polish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ni.
Conjunction
ni
Derived terms
Particle
ni
Etymology 2
Noun
ni n (indeclinable)
- Alternative form of ny
Further reading
- ni in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- ni in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Ancient Greek νῦ (nû).
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ni
Noun
ni m (plural nis)
- nu (the thirteenth letter of the Greek alphabet)
Proto-Norse
Romanization
ni
- Romanization of ᚾᛁ
Rawang
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
Verb
ni
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Noun
ni
Etymology 3
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognate with Burmese နေ (ne) and နေ့ (ne.), Old Chinese 日 (*njiɡ).
Noun
ni
- day (24 hour).
See also
- yáng (“daytime”)
Romanian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Latin.
Pronoun
ni
Usage notes
This form is used when ne (which is dative) is combined with the following accusatives:
- îl (the accusative of el, contracted as ni-l)
- îi (the accusative of ei, contracted as ni-i)
- le (the accusative of ele)
- se (the reflexive accusative of all third-person pronouns)
See also
Etymology 2
Interjection
ni
- (Transylvania) lo!, look!, behold!
- Ni la el! ― Look at him!
Samoan
Article
ni
- some (plural indefinite article)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *ni (“nor, not”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *nej, from Proto-Indo-European *ney. Compare ni-, ne.
Particle
ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)
- (emphasizes negation) even, either
- ni ja to ne znam — even I don't know that; I don't know that either
- Nisam ni htio čuti njegov prijedlog.
- I didn't even want to hear his proposal.
Conjunction
ni (Cyrillic spelling ни)
- (shortening of niti) neither, nor
- ona nije ni pametna ni(ti) marljiva — she is neither smart nor industrious
- ni traga ni glasa o .. — not a trace about ..
- ni kriv ni dužan — completely innocent (lit. neither guilty nor indebted)
Sicilian
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
Inflection
nominative | nuàutri |
---|---|
prepositional | nuàutri |
accusative | ni |
dative | ni |
reflexive | ni |
possessive | nostru |
See also
Slovene
Pronunciation
Verb
ní
Spanish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque, from Proto-Indo-European *nekʷe (“and not, neither, nor”), from *ne (“not”) + *-kʷe (“and”). Compare Asturian and Galician nin, Catalan and French ni, Portuguese nem, Italian né, Dalmatian ne. Indo-European cognates include Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌷 (nih) and Irish nach.
Conjunction
ni
- (coordinating) neither... nor
- Antonym: o ... o
- No tengo ni dinero ni tiempo.
- I have neither money nor time.
- nor, or
- No descansa de día ni de noche.
- He doesn't rest during the day nor during the night.
Derived terms
- ni chicha ni limonada
- ni come, ni deja comer
- ni corto ni perezoso
- ni fu ni fa
- ni grado ni gracias
- ni idea
- ni ir ni venir
- ni lerdo ni perezoso
- ni más ni menos
- ni olvido, ni perdón
- ni pena ni gloria
- ni rey ni roque
- ni tanto ni tan calvo
- ni va ni viene
- ni visto ni oído
- sin chistar ni mistar
- sin oficio ni beneficio
- sin pena ni gloria
- sin pies ni cabeza
- sin tripas ni cuajar
Adverb
ni
- not even
- No descansaba ni por un minuto
- I didn't rest even for a minute.
- Ni yo sé qué significa esta palabra.
- Not even I know what this word means.
Derived terms
- ni a balazos
- ni a cañón
- ni a cañonazos
- ni a dos tirones
- ni a la de tres
- ni a palos
- ni a tiros
- ni a tres tirones
- ni bien
- ni borracho
- ni buscado con un candil
- ni cosa que lo valga
- ni Cristo que lo fundó
- ni de broma
- ni de coña
- ni de guasa
- ni de lejos
- ni Dios
- ni en sueños
- ni gaitas
- ni ganas
- ni hablar
- ni hablar del peluquín
- ni harto de vino
- ni hecho a propósito
- ni idea
- ni jota
- ni media palabra
- ni modo
- ni mu
- ni mucho menos
- ni muerto
- ni palabra
- ni pensarlo
- ni pío
- ni pizca
- ni por asomo
- ni por esas
- ni por un cristo
- ni que
- ni que decir tiene
- ni qué hostias
- ni qué leches
- ni qué niño muerto
- ni qué ocho cuartos
- ni qué pan caliente
- ni remotamente
- ni siquiera
- ni un pelo
- nini
- no dejar verde ni seco
- no ni na
- ya ni la friegas
Etymology 2
Noun
ni f (plural níes)
Further reading
- “ni”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
ni
- positive degree present and gnomic (all persons, numbers, and classes) of -wa (“to be”)
Swedish
Etymology
Since 1661, through rebracketing of the 2nd plural verb suffix -(e)n and the older pronoun I ("ye"), e.g. vissten I > visste ni (“did you know”). Compare Icelandic þér and þið which developed similarly.
The Old Swedish ī, īr derives from Old Norse *īʀ (East Norse variant of ér) from Proto-Germanic *jīz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Compare Danish I.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
- you (plural nominative)
- Du är bara en person, men ni där borta är fyra personer
- You are just one person, but you/you guys over there are four people
- you (second-person singular nominative formal) (capitalized Ni, rare in modern use)
- (obsolete) title used when addressing a person of lower social rank
- –Ni kan börja med att städa kontoret, fröken Andersson.
–Javisst, Herr Direktör.- –You can start with cleaning the office, miss Andersson.
–Certainly, Mr. Director
- –You can start with cleaning the office, miss Andersson.
- (colloquial, perceived formal, derogatory to some) by some considered a respectful alternative to du (“you”), especially when addressing customers or the elderly
- Vill ni ha en påse med köpet?
- Do you want a bag with your purchase?
- (obsolete) title used when addressing a person of lower social rank
Usage notes
Both ni and er are second person plural forms, but can also be used as formal second person singular, as in the German Sie or French vous. It may sometimes also be capitalized (Ni, Er). The courteous "ni" was introduced in Swedish around the year 1900 as an alternative to the more complicated pattern of addressing others in the third person singular by their appropriate titles. This required knowledge of social status, occupation, educations, etc. with terms like fru (“Mrs.”) or fröken (“Ms.”), greve (“count”), kamrer (“accountant”), kandidat (“bachelor's degree holder”), etc. However this "ni-reform" was not well liked and when authority came to use the word ni to their subordinates the word got a condescending undertone. Interestingly enough the older I, from which ni was originally formed, was used alongside ni all along (and is still in use in some dialects) but never got the condescending undertone that ni got. This was all phased out gradually during the 1960s and 1970s in the so-called du-reformen, (“the you-reform”). In contemporary Swedish, du is universal and may be used to address anyone, regardless of differences in social status or age.
Ni is used occasionally by younger speakers to address customers in order to be formal and polite. However this is often seen as being overly formal and too contrived, even condescending and insulting, especially by older speakers. Formality and politeness in modern Swedish is not conveyed through specific grammatical forms, but primarily done through indirectness, manners of speaking or various other behaviors.
Declension
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
Synonyms
References
- ni in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- ni in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- ni in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ni/ [nɪ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -i
- Syllabification: ni
Etymology 1
From Proto-Austronesian *ni (“marker of possession”).
Preposition
ni (plural nina, Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)
- of; possessive particle, used only with personal names
- bisikleta ni Juan ― Juan's bicycle
- objective marker for personal names, objective form of si; functional equivalent of ng
See also
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Spanish ni (“not even”), from Old Spanish nin, from Latin nec, apocopated form of neque.
Conjunction
ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)
- neither; nor
- Ni ako hindi nagsisigarilyo. ― Even I don't do cigarettes.
- Ni aso ni pusa. ― Neither dog nor cat.
Adverb
ni (Baybayin spelling ᜈᜒ)
- not even
- Hindi ako humingi ni isang butil ng bigas. ― I didn't ask not even for a single grain of rice.
Tarifit
Alternative forms
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Verb
ni (Tifinagh spelling ⵏⵉ)
- (intransitive) to mount (on an animal)
- (intransitive) to get into, to board, to embark (a vehicle)
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
- Verbal noun: tnaya (“mounting, boarding”)
- Causative: sni (“to make board”)
- Verbal noun: aseniy
- tnaya (“transport”)
- amnay (“rider; cavalier, knight”)
Tokelauan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *ni. Cognates include Tuvaluan ni and Samoan ni.
Article
ni
- Plural indefinite article; any
See also
Etymology 2
Particle
ni
References
- R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary[12], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 250
Unami
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni
Ura (Vanuatu)
Pronunciation
Noun
ni
Further reading
- Terry Crowley, Ura: A Disappearing Language of Southern Vanuatu (1999)
Uzbek
Particle
ni (Cyrillic ни)
- accusative case marker. It is placed after the direct object of a transitive verb.
- Men O'zbek tilini o'rganyapman.
- I am studying Uzbek.
Veps
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian ни (ni).
Determiner
ni
Inflection
Not inflected.
Conjunction
ni ... ni
References
- Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “ни”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary][13], Petrozavodsk: Periodika
Vietnamese
Etymology
See này.
This is one of many cases in which monophthongs were not diphthongized in Central Vietnamese, compare mày vs. mi, chấy vs. chí, nước vs. nác.
Pronunciation
Determiner
ni
Adverb
ni
See also
Vietnamese demonstratives | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Laurence Thompson (1965), Vietnamese Grammar | |||||||||||||||||||
Unspecified | Close to the speaker or newly introduced |
Remote, already identified | |||||||||||||||||
PLACE đ- (first register) |
đâu ‘wherever’ |
đây ‘here’ |
đấy ‘there’ | ||||||||||||||||
REFERENCE n- (second register) |
nào ‘whichever’ |
này ‘this’ |
nọ ‘that’ | ||||||||||||||||
PROPORTION b- (first register) |
bao ‘to whatever extent’ |
bây ‘to this extent’ |
bấy ‘to that extent’ | ||||||||||||||||
MANNER s- (first register) v- (second register) |
sao ‘however’ |
vầy ‘this way’ |
vậy ‘that way’ | ||||||||||||||||
Nguyễn Phú Phong (1992), “Vietnamese Demonstratives Revisited” | |||||||||||||||||||
D• (Indefinite) |
D1 (Proximal) |
D2 (Medial) |
D3 (Distal) | ||||||||||||||||
+NOM(inal) | đâu place-what |
đây place-this |
đấy place-that1 |
||||||||||||||||
±NOM(inal) | đó (place-)that1 |
kia (place-)that2 | |||||||||||||||||
–NOM(inal) | nào what |
nầy this |
nấy/ấy that1 |
nọ that2 |
Proximal (*-iː) |
Distal 1 (*-iːʔ) |
Distal 2 (*-əːʔ) |
Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ) |
Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place, attributive1 n- |
ni nì này |
nấy | nớ | nọ | nào |
Place, nominal2 đ- |
đây | đí đấy |
— | đó | đâu |
Manner r- |
ri rày |
— | rứa | — | ru sao3 |
Extent 14 b- |
bây | bấy | — | — | bao |
Extent 25 v- |
vầy | vậy | — | — | — |
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”). |
Anagrams
Welsh
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic *ni, from Proto-Celtic *snīs.
Pronoun
ni
Etymology 2
From Proto-Celtic *nīs, from Proto-Indo-European *ne h₁ésti (“is not”).
Adverb
ni
West Makian
Pronunciation
Pronoun
ni (possessive prefix ni)
- second-person singular pronoun, you
See also
independent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
References
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[14], Pacific linguistics
Yil
Noun
ni
References
- transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66 : /niː/
- A Tentative Phonemic Statement in Yil in West Sepik Province, in Phonologies of five Austronesian languages (Richard Loving, John M. Clifton; 1975) : /ni/
Yoruba
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
Noun
ní
- The name of the Latin-script letter N/n.
See also
- (Latin-script letter names) lẹ́tà; á, bí, dí, é, ẹ́, fí, gí, gbì, hí, í, jí, kí, lí, mí, ní, ó, ọ́, pí, rí, sí, ṣí, tí, ú, wí, yí
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Verb
ní
- (transitive) to have
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
Preposition
ní
Derived terms
- lẹ́ẹ̀kan (“once”)
- lẹ́yìn (“behind, except”)
- lọ́dọọdún (“every year”)
- lọ́jọ́ ọ̀la (“in the future”)
- lọ́la (“tomorrow”)
- lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sẹ̀ (“every week”)
- lọ́sọ̀ọ̀sán (“every afternoon”)
- lọ́sàn-án (“in the afternoon”)
- lọ́tùn-ún-la (“the day after tomorrow”)
- lábẹ́ (“under”)
- lálaalẹ́ (“every evening”)
- lálẹ́ (“in the evening”)
- lánàá (“yesterday”)
- láràárọ̀ (“every morning”)
- láyé àtijọ́ (“historically”)
- láàárọ̀ (“in the morning”)
- lóde òní (“nowadays”)
- lójoojúmọ́ (“everyday”)
- lókè (“over, above”)
- lónìí (“today”)
- lópin (“at the end”)
- lórí (“on top, on”)
- lóòótọ́ (“in truth”)
- ní báyìí (“at this time”)
- níbẹ̀ (“there”)
- níbẹ̀rẹ̀ (“at the start”)
- níbikíbi (“anywhere”)
- níbo (“where”)
- níbí (“here”)
- nígbà tí (“when”)
- nígbàkugbà (“at any time”)
- níjẹta (“two days ago”)
- nílẹ̀ (“down”)
- nílé (“at home”)
- nínú (“inside”)
- nípòkípò (“in any position”)
- nísàlẹ̀ (“below, under”)
- nítorí (“because of”)
See also
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
Verb
ní
- (intransitive) to say
See also
Etymology 5
Pronunciation
Verb
ni
- (transitive) to be (to have a quality or identification)
Usage notes
This verb cannot be used with regular subject pronouns such as mo or ó, and emphatic subject pronouns must be used in their place. This verb is also often used in a flipped structure where the quality or identification becomes the grammatical subject of the verb while an object pronoun is used for the actual subject of the sentence.
- Òun ni ọ̀rẹ́ mi. – He is my friend. (uses the emphatic pronoun òun instead of ó)
- Ṣé ọmọ Yorùbá ni yín? – Are you Yoruba? (Ọmọ Yorùbá becomes the subject of ni while "you" becomes the object pronoun yín)
See also
Etymology 6
Pronunciation
- (intransitive) to be bloated, to be tumid
Derived terms
Zou
Etymology 1
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *nii, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nəj. Cognates include Northern Min 日 (nì) and Burmese နေ (ne).
Pronunciation
Noun
ni
Etymology 2
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : ni | ||
From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ni, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-ni-s. Cognates include Northern Min 二 (nī) and Tibetan གཉིས (gnyis).
Pronunciation
Numeral
ni
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 40
Zulu
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective
-ni?
- what (kind of)
Inflection
Enumerative concord, tone H | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | ||||
Class 1 | muni | |||
Class 2 | bani | |||
Class 3 | muni | |||
Class 4 | mini | |||
Class 5 | lini | |||
Class 6 | mani | |||
Class 7 | sini | |||
Class 8 | zini | |||
Class 9 | yini | |||
Class 10 | zini | |||
Class 11 | luni | |||
Class 14 | buni | |||
Class 15 | kuni | |||
Class 17 | kuni |
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
-ni
- Combining stem of nina.
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-ni”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ni”
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- pl:Greek letter names
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- Portuguese terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Greek letter names
- Proto-Norse non-lemma forms
- Proto-Norse romanizations
- Rawang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rawang lemmas
- Rawang verbs
- Rawang nouns
- Rawang terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Rawang terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian pronouns
- Romanian personal pronouns
- Romanian terms borrowed from Hungarian
- Romanian terms derived from Hungarian
- Romanian interjections
- Transylvanian Romanian
- Romanian terms with usage examples
- Samoan lemmas
- Samoan articles
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian particles
- Serbo-Croatian terms with usage examples
- Serbo-Croatian conjunctions
- Sicilian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sicilian lemmas
- Sicilian pronouns
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene non-lemma forms
- Slovene verb forms
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/i
- Rhymes:Spanish/i/1 syllable
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish conjunctions
- Spanish coordinating conjunctions
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Spanish adverbs
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish feminine nouns
- es:Greek letter names
- Spanish two-letter words
- Swahili terms with audio links
- Swahili non-lemma forms
- Swahili verb forms
- Swedish rebracketings
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms with audio links
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Swedish/iː
- Rhymes:Swedish/iː/1 syllable
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish pronouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish terms with obsolete senses
- Swedish colloquialisms
- Swedish formal terms
- Swedish derogatory terms
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tagalog terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i
- Rhymes:Tagalog/i/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prepositions
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tagalog terms with usage examples
- Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Old Spanish
- Tagalog terms derived from Latin
- Tagalog conjunctions
- Tagalog adverbs
- Tarifit lemmas
- Tarifit verbs
- Tarifit intransitive verbs
- Tokelauan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tokelauan terms inherited from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian
- Tokelauan terms derived from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian
- Tokelauan lemmas
- Tokelauan articles
- Tokelauan particles
- Unami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Unami lemmas
- Unami pronouns
- Ura (Vanuatu) terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ura (Vanuatu) lemmas
- Ura (Vanuatu) nouns
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek particles
- Uzbek terms with usage examples
- Veps terms borrowed from Russian
- Veps terms derived from Russian
- Veps lemmas
- Veps determiners
- Veps conjunctions
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese determiners
- Central Vietnamese
- Vietnamese adverbs
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Welsh/iː
- Rhymes:Welsh/iː/1 syllable
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh pronouns
- Welsh personal pronouns
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh adverbs
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian pronouns
- Yil lemmas
- Yil nouns
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba nouns
- yo:Latin letter names
- Yoruba verbs
- Yoruba transitive verbs
- Yoruba prepositions
- Yoruba intransitive verbs
- Zou terms inherited from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Zou terms derived from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Zou terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Zou terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Zou terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zou lemmas
- Zou nouns
- Zou numerals
- Zou cardinal numbers
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu adjectives
- Zulu adjectives with tone H
- Zulu non-lemma forms
- Zulu pronoun forms
- Zulu interrogative adjectives