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Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Nanchang dialect of Gan Chinese. See Module:gan-pron for the codes.
IPA
Xiong (1979[1] [2]
MFCCD[3]
Transcription
Example
Notes
/p/ p p b
巴
/pʰ/ p‘ pʰ p
爬
/m/ m m m
馬
/f/ f f f
花
/t/ t t d
打
/tʰ/ t‘ tʰ t
他
/l/ l l l
拉
/t͡s/ ts ʦ z
遮
/t͡sʰ/ ts‘ ʦʰ c
車
/s/ s s s
沙
/t͡ɕ/ tɕ ʨ j
姐
only before high front vowels
/t͡ɕʰ/ tɕ‘ ʨʰ q
且
only before high front vowels
/n̠ʲ/ ȵ ȵ ny
膩
only before high front vowels
/ɕ/ ɕ ɕ x
寫
only before high front vowels
/k/ k k g
家
/kʰ/ k‘ kʰ k
抲
/ŋ/ ŋ ŋ ng
丫
/h/ h h h
蝦
IPA
Xiong (1994)[2]
MFCCD[3]
Transcription
Example
Notes
/z̩/ ɿ ɿ i
資
only after /t͡s/ , /t͡sʰ/ , /s/
/i/ i i i
衣
/u/ u u u
烏
/y/ y y y
迂
/a/ a ɑ a
丫
/ia/ ia iɑ ia
爺
/ua/ ua uɑ ua
娃
/o/ o o o
我
/uo/ uo uo uo
窩
/e/ e e e
許
/ie/ ie ie ie
渠
/ue/ ue -
ue
-
/ye/ ye ye ye
靴
/ɵ/ ɵ ɵ eo
而
/m̩/ m̩ -
m
姆
zero initial
/n̩/ n̩ n̍ n
你
zero initial
/ŋ̍/ ŋ̍ ŋ̍ ng
五
zero initial
/ai/ ai ai ai
愛
/uai/ uai uai uai
歪
/oi/ oi -
oi
-
only used for interjections
/ei/ ei -
ei
-
only used in contractions
/ɨi/ ɨi ɨi i
灰
only after /f/
/ui/ ui ui ui
委
/au/ au ɑu au
咬
/ɛu/ ɛu ɛu eu
猴
/iɛu/ iɛu iɛu ieu
腰
/ɨu/ ɨu ɨu iu
洲
only after /t͡s/ , /t͡sʰ/ , /s/
/iu/ iu iu iu
優
/an/ an an an
淹
/uan/ uan uan uan
彎
/ɵn/ on ɵn on
安
/uɵn/ uon uɵn uon
完
/yɵn/ yon yɵn yon
冤
/ɛn/ ɛn ɛn en
恆
/iɛn/ iɛn iɛn ien
煙
/ɨn/ ɨn ɨn iin
本
/in/ in in in
陰
/un/ un un un
文
/yn/ yn yn yn
雲
/aŋ/ aŋ ɑŋ ang
坑
/iaŋ/ iaŋ iɑŋ iang
影
/uaŋ/ uaŋ uɑŋ uang
橫
/ɔŋ/ ɔŋ ɔŋ ong
巷
/iɔŋ/ iɔŋ iɔŋ iong
羊
/uɔŋ/ uɔŋ uɔŋ uong
王
/uŋ/ uŋ uŋ ung
翁
/iuŋ/ iuŋ iuŋ iung
擁
/at̚/ at aʔ at
鴨
/uat̚/ uat uaʔ uat
挖
/ɵt̚/ ot ɵʔ ot
喝
/uɵt̚/ uot uɵʔ uot
活
/yɵt̚/ yot yɵʔ yot
越
/ɛt̚/ ɛt ɛʔ et
黑
/iɛt̚/ iɛt iɛʔ iet
頁
/uɛt̚/ uɛt uɛʔ uet
國
/ɨt̚/ ɨt ɨʔ iit
不
/it̚/ it iʔ it
一
/ut̚/ ut uɨʔ ut
骨
/yt̚/ yt yʔ yt
屈
/aʔ/ aʔ ɑʔ ah
客
/iaʔ/ iaʔ iɑʔ iah
額
/uaʔ/ uaʔ -
uah
-
/ɔʔ/ ɔʔ ɔʔ oh
惡
/iɔʔ/ iɔʔ iɔʔ ioh
藥
/uɔʔ/ uɔʔ uɔʔ uoh
郭
/uʔ/ uʔ uʔ uh
屋
/iuʔ/ iuʔ iuʔ iuh
肉
Tone name
Tone value (Wiktionary; Xiong, 1979[1] [2]
Tone value (MFCCD[3]
Transcription
Example
Notes
dark level
42
1
翻
light level (A)
24
2
襻
only with aspirated initials
rising
213
3
反
dark departing (or light level B)
35
45
4
凡
only with unaspirated initials
light departing
11
21
5
飯
dark checked
5
6
法
light checked
2
7
罰
neutral
(unmarked) 朋友
rising
[
213
]
+
{
dark level
[
42
]
light level
[
24
]
dark departing
[
35
]
dark checked
[
5
]
}
→
[
13
]
+
{
dark level
[
42
]
light level
[
24
]
dark departing
[
35
]
dark checked
[
5
]
}
{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[213]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark level }}[42]\\{\text{light level }}[24]\\{\text{dark departing }}[35]\\{\text{dark checked }}[5]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [13]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark level }}[42]\\{\text{light level }}[24]\\{\text{dark departing }}[35]\\{\text{dark checked }}[5]\end{Bmatrix}}}
rising
[
213
]
+
{
rising
[
213
]
light departing
[
11
]
light checked
[
2
]
}
→
[
24
]
+
{
rising
[
213
]
light departing
[
11
]
light checked
[
2
]
}
{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[213]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[213]\\{\text{light departing }}[11]\\{\text{light checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [24]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[213]\\{\text{light departing }}[11]\\{\text{light checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}}
rising
[
213
]
+
neutral
→
[
21
]
+
neutral
{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[213]+{\text{neutral}}\to [21]+{\text{neutral}}}
Stress is indicated by an apostrophe (') before the syllable.
今日 1 nyit6 水果 3 'guo3
![{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[213]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark level }}[42]\\{\text{light level }}[24]\\{\text{dark departing }}[35]\\{\text{dark checked }}[5]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [13]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark level }}[42]\\{\text{light level }}[24]\\{\text{dark departing }}[35]\\{\text{dark checked }}[5]\end{Bmatrix}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5df95cd159002f34253007a904c987068137284e)
![{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[213]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[213]\\{\text{light departing }}[11]\\{\text{light checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [24]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[213]\\{\text{light departing }}[11]\\{\text{light checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a5757b506078ac76eb05f08f999612177db6ffdc)
![{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[213]+{\text{neutral}}\to [21]+{\text{neutral}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a96e72f5fde7613596c5440ae93208fbe29583dd)