四維

Chinese

		four	to preserve; to maintain; to hold together to preserve; to maintain; to hold together; dimension
trad. (四維)		四	維
simp. (四维)		四	维

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sìwéi

  (Zhuyin): ㄙˋ ㄨㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sei³ wai⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): si-vì
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sù-ûi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): si³ rui⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sìwéi
    • Zhuyin: ㄙˋ ㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sìhwéi
    • Wade–Giles: ssŭ⁴-wei²
    • Yale: sz̀-wéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syhwei
    • Palladius: сывэй (syvɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵¹ weɪ̯³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 四圍／四围 四維／四维

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sei³ wai⁴
    • Yale: sei wàih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sei³ wai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: séi³ wei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sei̯³³ wɐi̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: si-vì
    • Hakka Romanization System: xi viˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xi⁴ vi²
    • Sinological IPA: /si⁵⁵ vi¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sù-ûi
    • Tâi-lô: sù-uî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suo'uii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /su²¹⁻⁵³ ui²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /su⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ui²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /su²¹⁻⁵³ ui¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /su¹¹⁻⁵³ ui²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /su²¹⁻⁴¹ ui²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: si³ rui⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sì jûi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /si²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zui⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: sijH ywij

Rime
Character	四	維
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	脂 (16)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	息利切	以追切
Baxter	sijH	ywij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siɪH/	/jiuɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/siH/	/jʷi/
Shao Rongfen	/sjɪH/	/juɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siH/	/jwi/
Li Rong	/siH/	/ui/
Wang Li	/siH/	/jwi/
Bernard Karlgren	/siH/	/wi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sì	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si3	wai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.li[j]-s  ɢʷij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljids  ɢʷi/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	四	維
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sì	wéi
Middle Chinese	‹ sijH ›	‹ ywij ›
Old Chinese	/*s.li[j]-s/	/*ɢʷij/ (? < *ɢʷuj)
English	four	rope for tying
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	四	維
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12022	12852
Phonetic component	四	唯
Rime group	至	脂
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	四	惟
Old Chinese	/*hljids/	/*ɢʷi/

Noun

四維

1. the four social bonds (propriety, justice, integrity, and honour)

   • 四維不張，國乃滅亡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     四维不张，国乃灭亡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Guanzi, 5^th century BCE to 220 CE

     Sìwéi bùzhāng, guónǎi mièwáng. [Pinyin]

     When the Four Social Bonds are not implemented, a country is doomed to destruction.

2. (literary) the southeastern, southwestern, northeastern and northwestern corners
3. (literary, by extension) the four directions; all directions

See also

• 禮義廉恥／礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)

Adjective

四維

1. (attributive) four-dimensional

Derived terms

• 四維彩超／四维彩超

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
四	維
し Grade: 1	い Grade: S
on’yomi	kan’on

Noun

四(し)維(い) • (shī) 

1. the four ordinal directions

   Coordinate terms: 乾, 坤, 艮, 巽

2. the four principles for the state

   Coordinate terms: 礼, 義, 廉, 恥