億

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See also: 亿
億 U+5104, 億
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5104
← 儃
[U+5103] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 儅 →
[U+5105]

Translingual

Han character

億 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿心 (OYTP), four-corner 20236, composition ⿰亻意)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 118, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1178
  • Dae Jaweon: page 252, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 227, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5104

Chinese

trad. 億
simp. 亿*
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 億
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
b12362
b15389
s05812
s07653
Transcribed ancient scripts
L28411
L28412
L28413
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (意) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
噫 *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ
譩 *qɯ, *qɯʔ, *qɯl
醷 *qɯʔ, *qɯɡ
意 *qɯɡs
鷾 *qɯɡs
憶 *qɯɡ
億 *qɯɡ
臆 *qɯɡ
繶 *qɯɡ
澺 *qɯɡ
薏 *qɯɡ
檍 *qɯɡ
癔 *qɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯɡ) : semantic 人 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 億
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於力切
Baxter 'ik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔik̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/ĭək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 億
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔ(r)ək/
English 100000

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 億
Reading # 1/1
No. 15157
Phonetic
component 		意
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		憶
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯɡ/

Definitions

億

  1. hundred million (100,000,000) (sometimes written as 1,0000,0000)
  2. † hundred thousand (100,000)
  3. † peaceful; stable
  4. † brimming; plentiful; abundant
  5. † Alternative form of 臆 (yì, “chest”)
  6. † Alternative form of 臆 (yì, “to guess; to estimate; to surmise”)
  7. a surname

See also

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩／两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬／百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写) 		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

億

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
億
おく
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

億(おく) • (oku) 

  1. a hundred million, 108

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 億 (MC 'ik).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

億 (eumhun 억 억 (eok eok))

  1. Hanja form? of 억 (“a hundred million, 108”).

Compounds

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

億: Hán Việt readings: ức
億: Nôm readings: tỉ, ức

Noun

億

  1. chữ Hán form of ức (“a hundred thousand”).
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