ψυχή
Ancient Greek
Pronunciation
- (5th BC Attic) IPA(key): /pʰsy͜ykʰɛ͜ɛ́/
- (1st BC Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰsyːkʰéː/
- (4th AD Koine) IPA(key): /ɸsyxí/
- (10th AD Byzantine) IPA(key): /psyçí/
- (15th AD Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /psiçí/
Etymology
From ψύχω "I blow"
Noun
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- life, spirit
- the immortal part of a person: soul
- the spirit of a dead person: ghost
- the conscious self, as the seat of emotions, desires
- the organ of thought: mind, reason
- Template:philosophy the universal spirit
- butterfly, moth
Inflection
Quotations
- Homer, Iliad, 14.516–19
- Ἀτρεΐδης δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἔπειθ᾽ Ὑπερήνορα ποιμένα λαῶν / οὖτα κατὰ λαπάρην, διὰ δ᾽ ἔντερα χαλκὸς ἄφυσσε
- δῃώσας: ψυχὴ δὲ κατ᾽ οὐταμένην ὠτειλὴν / ἔσσυτ᾽ ἐπειγομένη, τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψε.
- Menelaus took the hardened captain Hyperenor, / gouged his flank and the bronze ripped him open,
- spurting his entrails out -- and his life, gushing forth / through the raw, yawning wound, went pulsing fast
- and the dark came siwrling down across his eyes. (Fagles 1990, could mean ‘blood’)
- Homer, Iliad, 16.505
- τοῖο δ᾽ ἅμα ψυχήν τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ᾽ αἰχμήν.
- so he dragged out both the man's life breath and the weapon's point together. (Fagles 1990)
- τοῖο δ᾽ ἅμα ψυχήν τε καὶ ἔγχεος ἐξέρυσ᾽ αἰχμήν.
- Luke 21:19
- εν τη υπομονη υμων κτησασθε τας ψυχας υμων (1550 Stephanus, 1881 Westcott-Hort, 1894 Scrivener)
- in your patience possess ye your souls. (YLT, KJV)
- Stand firm, and you will win life. (NIV)
- εν τη υπομονη υμων κτησασθε τας ψυχας υμων (1550 Stephanus, 1881 Westcott-Hort, 1894 Scrivener)
- Revelation 8:9
- και απεθανεν το τριτον των κτισματων των εν τη θαλασση τα εχοντα ψυχας και το τριτον των πλοιων διεφθαρη (1550 Stephanus, 1894 Scrivener)
- και απεθανεν το τριτον των κτισματων των εν τη θαλασση τα εχοντα ψυχας και το τριτον των πλοιων διεφθαρησαν (1881 Westcott-Hort)
- and die did the third of the creatures that [are] in the sea, those having life, and the third of the ships were destroyed. (YLT)
- And the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, and had life, died; and the third part of the ships were destroyed. (KJV)
- a third of the living creatures in the sea died, and a third of the ships were destroyed. (NIV)
See also
References
- BDAG
- “ψυχή”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- G5590 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- 2006, Steven Paul, The Apocalypse Letter by Letter: A Literary Analysis of the Book of Revelation, page 281 (discussing Revelation 8:9): "The literal meaning of the noun “ψυχή” [psykhë, or psyche] is “breath”; hence, like “πνεῦμα” [pneuma], it can also mean “spirit, soul, mind.”"
- 2007, Leon Marvell, Transfigured light: philosophy, cybernetics and the hermetic imaginary (ISBN 978-1-933146-27-0), page 128: "the psyche (the term derives from ψυχη, the breath, and ψυχειν, to breathe)"
Greek
Pronunciation
- (deprecated use of
|lang=
parameter) IPA(key): [psiˈçi]
Noun
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ψυχή • (psychí) f (plural ψυχές)