Appendix:Greek pronunciation: difference between revisions
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<table style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#F3F9FF; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:0.5em"><tr><td>'''Disclaimer''': This page does not yet reflect community policy. If you want to discuss or contribute to the development or adoption of this potential policy you are encouraged to do so on the [[Wiktionary talk:About Greek/Pronunciation|discussion page]].</table> |
<table style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#F3F9FF; text-align:justify; margin-bottom:0.5em"><tr><td>'''Disclaimer''': This page does not yet reflect community policy. If you want to discuss or contribute to the development or adoption of this potential policy you are encouraged to do so on the [[Wiktionary talk:About Greek/Pronunciation|discussion page]].</table> |
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{{shortcut|AP:pron:el}} |
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==Vowels== |
==Vowels== |
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The following table contains vowel letters that are pronounced as consonants. |
The following table contains some vowel letters that are pronounced as consonants.<br> |
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Also see ''[[#Diphthongs|Diphthongs]]''. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
{| class="wikitable" |
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! Notes |
! Notes |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
! {{big|{{lang|el|α}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|a}}}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɐ}}}}}} |
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| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|low central]] |
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|low central]] |
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| {{l|el|αγορά|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|αγορά|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''a'''ɣoˈɾa/}}, {{l|el|άνω|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''a'''no/}} |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
! {{big|{{lang|el|ο}}}}<br>{{big|{{lang|el|ω}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|o}}}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|o̞}}}}}} or {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɔ}}}}}} |
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| [[w:Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel#Mid_back_rounded_vowel|mid back]] |
| [[w:Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel#Mid_back_rounded_vowel|mid back]] |
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| {{l|el|ομάδα|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|ομάδα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''o'''ˈmaða/}}<br>{{l|el|πάνω|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈpan'''o'''/}}, {{l|el|ωμέγα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''o'''ˈmeɣa/}} |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
! {{big|{{lang|el|ου}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|u}}}}}} |
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| |
| |
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| [[w:Close back rounded vowel|high back]] |
| [[w:Close back rounded vowel|high back]] |
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| {{l|el|πουλί|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|πουλί|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/p'''u'''ˈli/}}, {{l|el|φούστα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈf'''u'''sta/}} |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
! {{big|{{lang|el|ε}}}}<br>{{big|{{lang|el|αι}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|e}}}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|e̞}}}}}} or {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɛ}}}}}} |
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| [[w:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel#Mid_front_unrounded_vowel|mid front]] |
| [[w:Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel#Mid_front_unrounded_vowel|mid front]] |
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| {{l|el|πεθερά|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|πεθερά|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/p'''e'''θeˈɾa/}}, {{l|el|μέλι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈm'''e'''li/}}<br>{{l|el|αιτία|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''e'''ˈtia/}}, {{l|el|παιδί|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/p'''e'''ˈði/}} |
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| |
| |
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|- |
|- |
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! |
! {{big|{{lang|el|ι}}}}<br>{{big|{{lang|el|η}}}}<br>{{big|{{lang|el|υ}}}}<br>{{big|{{lang|el|ει}}}}<br>{{big|{{lang|el|οι}}}}<br>{{big|{{lang|el|υι}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|i}}}}}} |
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| |
| |
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| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|high front]] |
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|high front]] |
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| {{l|el|βιβλίο|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|βιβλίο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/v'''i'''ˈvlio/}}, {{l|el|παιδί|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/peˈð'''i'''/}}<br> {{l|el|μητέρα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/m'''i'''ˈteɾa/}}, {{l|el|νίκη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈn'''i'''ci/}}<br> {{l|el|γλυκό|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ɣl'''i'''ˈko/}}<br>{{l|el|κλειδί|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/kl'''i'''ˈði/}}<br> |
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{{l|el|κοινός|tr=-}} {{ |
{{l|el|κοινός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/c'''i'''ˈnos/}}<br>{{l|el|υιός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''i'''ˈos/}} |
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|<div> |
|<div> |
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# When not followed by a vowel(e.g. {{l|el|μικρός|tr=-}} {{ |
# When not followed by a vowel(e.g. {{l|el|μικρός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/m'''i'''ˈkros/}} |
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# When stressed (e.g. {{l|el|δουλεία|tr=-}} {{ |
# When stressed (e.g. {{l|el|δουλεία|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ðuˈli.a/}}) |
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# In words of learned origin (e.g. {{l|el|ποιόν|tr=-}} {{ |
# In words of learned origin (e.g. {{l|el|ποιόν|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/p'''i'''ˈon/}}) |
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# When preceded by consonant + {{ |
# When preceded by consonant + {{IPAfont|[ɾ]}} (e.g. {{l|el|μητριά|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/mi.tɾ'''i'''ˈa/}}) |
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</div> |
</div> |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=4 style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | |
! rowspan=4 style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" | {{big|{{lang|el|ι}}<br>{{lang|el|η}}<br>{{lang|el|υ}}<br>{{lang|el|οι}}<br>{{lang|el|ει}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ʝ}}}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|j}}}}}} |
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| |
| |
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| {{l|el|καράβια|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|καράβια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/kaˈɾav'''ʝ'''a/}}, {{l|el|παιδιά|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/peˈð'''ʝ'''a/}}, {{l|el|μαγειρειό|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/maʝiɾˈ'''ʝ'''o/}} |
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| only with unstressed {{ |
| only with unstressed {{IPAfont|[i]}} after {{lang|el|β, δ, ζ, ρ}} and before a vowel |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ç}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|φωτιά|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|φωτιά|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/foˈt'''ç'''a/}}, {{l|el|ελάφια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/eˈlaf'''ç'''a/}}, {{l|el|καλάθια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/kaˈlaθ'''ç'''a/}}, {{l|el|ίσιος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈis'''ç'''os/}}, {{l|el|πιο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈp'''ç'''o/}}, {{l|el|ποιος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈp'''ç'''os/}} |
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| only with unstressed {{ |
| only with unstressed {{IPAfont|[i]}} after {{lang|el|θ, π, σ, τ, φ}} and before a vowel |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɲ}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|μια|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|μια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈm'''ɲ'''a/}}, {{l|el|μυαλό|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/m'''ɲ'''aˈlo/}} |
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| only with unstressed {{ |
| only with unstressed {{IPAfont|[i]}} after μ and before a vowel |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | |
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| {{l|el|για|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|για|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ʝa/}}, {{l|el|κιάλια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈcaʎa/}}, {{l|el|νοιάζομαι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈɲazome/}}, {{l|el|χιόνι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈçoni/}} |
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| only with unstressed {{ |
| only with unstressed {{IPAfont|[i]}} after {{lang|el|γ, κ, λ, ν, χ}} and before a vowel. The preceding consonant becomes palatal. |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | {{anchor|αυ}} |
! rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | {{anchor|αυ}}{{big|{{lang|el|αυ}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|af}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|αυτός|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|αυτός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''aˈf'''tos/}}, {{l|el|ταυ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈt'''af'''/}} |
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| before unvoiced consonants ({{lang|el|π τ κ θ χ σ ξ ψ}})<ref name="Holton 1997">Holton, D., Mackridge, P. and Philippaki-Warburton, I. (1997). ''Greek: A comprehensive grammar of the modern language.'' London: Routledge.</ref> and word-final |
| before unvoiced consonants ({{lang|el|π τ κ θ χ σ ξ ψ}})<ref name="Holton 1997">Holton, D., Mackridge, P. and Philippaki-Warburton, I. (1997). ''Greek: A comprehensive grammar of the modern language.'' London: Routledge.</ref> and word-final |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|av}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|αυγή|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|αυγή|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''aˈv'''ʝi/}}, {{l|el|μαύρος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈm'''av'''ɾos/}} |
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| before vowels and voiced consonants ({{lang|el|δ γ ζ λ ρ μ ν}})<ref name="Holton 1997" /> |
| before vowels and voiced consonants ({{lang|el|δ γ ζ λ ρ μ ν}})<ref name="Holton 1997" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | |
! rowspan=3 style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{lang|el|ευ}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ef}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|ευχαριστώ|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|ευχαριστώ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''ef'''xaɾiˈsto/}} |
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| before unvoiced consonants ({{lang|el|π τ κ θ χ σ ξ ψ}})<ref name="Holton 1997">Holton, D., Mackridge, P. and Philippaki-Warburton, I. (1997). ''Greek: A comprehensive grammar of the modern language.'' London: Routledge.</ref> and word-final |
| before unvoiced consonants ({{lang|el|π τ κ θ χ σ ξ ψ}})<ref name="Holton 1997">Holton, D., Mackridge, P. and Philippaki-Warburton, I. (1997). ''Greek: A comprehensive grammar of the modern language.'' London: Routledge.</ref> and word-final |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ev}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|ευαγγέλιο|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|ευαγγέλιο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''ev'''aŋˈɟelio/}} |
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| before vowels and voiced consonants ({{lang|el|δ γ ζ λ ρ μ ν}})<ref name="Holton 1997" /> |
| before vowels and voiced consonants ({{lang|el|δ γ ζ λ ρ μ ν}})<ref name="Holton 1997" /> |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|e}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|Εύβοια|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|Εύβοια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''e'''via/}}, {{l|el|ευφημισμός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''e'''fimiˈzmos/}} |
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| before {{lang|el|β, φ}} |
| before {{lang|el|β, φ}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | |
! rowspan=2 style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{lang|el|ηυ}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|if}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|επηυξημένος|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|επηυξημένος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ep'''if'''ksiˈmenos/}} |
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| before unvoiced consonants ({{lang|el|π τ κ θ χ σ ξ ψ}}) and word-final |
| before unvoiced consonants ({{lang|el|π τ κ θ χ σ ξ ψ}}) and word-final |
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|- |
|- |
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| style="text-align: center;" | |
| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|iv}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|απηύδησα|tr=-}} {{ |
| {{l|el|απηύδησα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/aˈp'''iv'''ðisa/}} |
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| before vowels and voiced consonants ({{lang|el|δ γ ζ λ ρ μ ν}}) |
| before vowels and voiced consonants ({{lang|el|δ γ ζ λ ρ μ ν}}) |
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|} |
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===Diphthongs=== |
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[[diphthong|Diphthongs]]: when two vowels are pronounced very fast, as one syllable. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! |
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! [[IPA]] |
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! IPA used elsewhere |
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! Examples |
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! Notes |
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|- |
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! {{big|{{lang|el|άι αϊ}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ai̯}}}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|aj a͜i}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|νεράιδα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/neˈɾai̯.ða/}}, {{l|el|χαϊδεύω|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/xai̯ˈðe.vo/}} |
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| |
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|- |
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! {{big|{{lang|el|έι εϊ}}}}<br/>{{big|{{lang|el|έυ εϋ}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ei̯}}}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ej e͜i}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|Χεμινγουέι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/çe.miŋ.ɣuˈei̯/}}, {{l|el|λεϊμόνι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/lei̯ˈmo.ni/}}<br/>{{l|el|γκρέυ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ɡɾei̯/}}, {{l|el|τρόλεϋ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈtɾo.lei̯/}} |
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| Chiefly in borrowings. Not to be confused with {{lang|el|έι, εϊ, εϋ}} {{IPAfont|/e.i/}} (with [[w:Vowel hiatus|true diaeresis]]), as in {{m|el|τέιο|tr=-}}, {{m|el|θεϊκός|tr=-}}, and {{m|el|Κεϋλάνη|tr=-}}. |
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|- |
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! {{big|{{lang|el|όι οϊ}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|oi̯}}}}}} |
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| style="text-align: center;" | {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|oj o͜i}}}}}} |
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| {{l|el|κορόιδο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/koˈɾoi̯.ðo/}}, {{l|el|κοροϊδεύω|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ko.ɾoi̯ˈðe.vo/}} |
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| |
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|} |
|} |
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==Consonants== |
==Consonants== |
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Also see some [[#Vowels|Vowels]] that are pronounced as consonants.<br> |
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Also see [[#Grouped_consonants|Grouped consonants]]. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |
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! |
! |
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! {{l|el|β|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|β|tr=-}} |
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| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|v}}}}}} |
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| |
| |
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| {{w|Voiced labiodental fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiced labiodental fricative}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|βουλή|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|βουλή|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''v'''uˈli/}}, {{l|el|σοβαρός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/so'''v'''aˈɾos/}}, {{l|el|συμβουλή|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/siɱ'''v'''uˈli/}}, {{l|el|βόδι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''v'''oði/}}, {{l|el|βόρεια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''v'''oɾia/}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|γ|tr=-}} |
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|γ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɣ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
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| {{w|Voiced velar fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiced velar fricative}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|γάμος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|γάμος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ɣ'''amos/}}, {{l|el|αγάπη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/aˈ'''ɣ'''api/}}, {{l|el|αγόρι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/aˈ'''ɣ'''oɾi/}}, {{l|el|γάτα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ɣ'''ata/}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | before {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{IPAfont|[a]}}, {{IPAfont|[o]}}, {{IPAfont|[u]}} |
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|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ʝ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|j}}}}}} |
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| {{w|Voiced palatal fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiced palatal fricative}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|για|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|για|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''ʝ'''a/}}, {{l|el|γένος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ʝ'''enos/}}, {{l|el|Γεώργιος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''ʝ'''eˈoɾ'''ʝ'''ios/}}, {{l|el|γυαλί|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''ʝ'''aˈli/}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, οι, ει}} and {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, οι, ει}} and {{IPAfont|[e]}} |
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|- |
|- |
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! {{l|el|δ|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|δ|tr=-}} |
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| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ð}}}}}} |
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| |
| |
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| [[w:Voiced dental fricative|Voiced dental fricative (interdental)]] |
| [[w:Voiced dental fricative|Voiced dental fricative (interdental)]] |
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| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|δώρο|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|δώρο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ð'''oɾo/}}, {{l|el|παιδί|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/peˈ'''ð'''i/}}, {{l|el|δάχτυλο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ð'''axtilo/}}, {{l|el|ενδιαφέρον|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/en'''ð'''iaˈfeɾon/}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
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|- |
|- |
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! {{l|el|ζ|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|ζ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|z}}}}}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|z̺}}}}}} |
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| {{w|Voiced alveolar fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiced alveolar fricative}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ζωή|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ζωή|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''z'''oˈi/}}, {{l|el|ζήλια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''z'''iʎa/}}, {{l|el|χαζός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/xaˈ'''z'''os/}}, {{l|el|ζάχαρη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''z'''axaɾi/}} |
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| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
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! {{l|el|θ|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|θ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|θ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|Voiceless dental fricative (interdental)]] |
| [[w:Voiceless dental fricative|Voiceless dental fricative (interdental)]] |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|θάλασσα|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|θάλασσα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''θ'''alasa/}}, {{l|el|άνθος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈan'''θ'''os/}}, {{l|el|θέμα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''θ'''ema/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|κ|tr=-}} |
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|κ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|k}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless velar plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiceless velar plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|κόρη|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|κόρη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''k'''oɾi/}}, {{l|el|σύκα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈsi'''k'''a/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{IPAfont|[a]}} {{IPAfont|[o]}} {{IPAfont|[u]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|c}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless palatal plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiceless palatal plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|κήπος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|κήπος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''c'''ipos/}}, {{l|el|πακέτο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/paˈ'''c'''eto/}}, {{l|el|κιάλια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''c'''aʎa/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, ει, οι}} and {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, ει, οι}} and {{IPAfont|[e]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|λ|tr=-}} |
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|λ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|l}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Dental lateral approximant}} |
| {{w|Dental lateral approximant}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|λάθος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|λάθος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''l'''aθos/}}, {{l|el|καλό|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/kaˈ'''l'''o/}}, {{l|el|λεμόνι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''l'''eˈmoni/}}, {{l|el|πάλι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈpa'''l'''i/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | <b>{{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | <b>{{IPAfont|[ʎ]}}</b> before {{IPAfont|[i]}} in some dialects, idiolects |
||
<!-- |- |
<!-- |- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ʎ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Palatal lateral approximant}} |
| {{w|Palatal lateral approximant}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|λύπη|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|λύπη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ʎ'''ipi/}}, {{l|el|φίλοι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈfi'''ʎ'''i/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{IPAfont|[i]}} in some dialects, idiolects --> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ʎ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Palatal lateral approximant}} |
| {{w|Palatal lateral approximant}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|κιάλια|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|κιάλια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈca'''ʎ'''a/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{IPAfont|[li]}}+vowel with {{IPAfont|[i]}} unstressed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|μ|tr=-}} |
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|μ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|m}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Bilabial nasal}} |
| {{w|Bilabial nasal}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|μόνος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|μόνος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''m'''onos/}}, {{l|el|χώμα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈxo'''m'''a/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɱ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Labiodental nasal}} |
| {{w|Labiodental nasal}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|συμφωνία|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|συμφωνία|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/si'''ɱ'''foˈnia/}}, {{l|el|σύμβαση|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈsi'''ɱ'''vasi/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|β, φ}} (labial/labiodental fricatives) |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|β, φ}} (labial/labiodental fricatives) |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=3 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|ν|tr=-}} |
! rowspan=3 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{anchor|ν}} {{l|el|ν|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|n}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Dental nasal}} |
| {{w|Dental nasal}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|νονός|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|νονός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''n'''oˈnos/}}, {{l|el|ένας|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈe'''n'''as/}}, {{l|el|άνω|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈa'''n'''o/}}, {{l|el|νύχτα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''n'''ixta/}}, {{l|el|άνοιξη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈa'''n'''iksi/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | <b>{{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | <b>{{IPAfont|[ɲ]}}</b> before {{IPAfont|[i]}} in some dialects and idiolects |
||
<!-- |- |
<!-- |- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɲ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Palatal nasal}} |
| {{w|Palatal nasal}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|νύχτα|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|νύχτα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ɲ'''ixta/}}, {{l|el|άνοιξη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈa'''ɲ'''iksi/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{IPAfont|[i]}} in some dialects and idiolects --> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɲ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Palatal nasal}} |
| {{w|Palatal nasal}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|νοιάζομαι|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|νοιάζομαι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ɲ'''azome/}}, {{l|el|πανιά|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/paˈ'''ɲ'''a/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{IPAfont|[ni]}}+vowel with {{IPAfont|[i]}} unstressed |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Velar nasal}} |
| {{w|Velar nasal}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|πανκ|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|άγγελος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈa'''ŋ'''ɟelos/}}, {{l|el|ανάγκη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/aˈna'''ŋ'''ɟi/}}, {{l|el|εγχείριση|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/e'''ŋ'''ˈçiɾisi}}<br>{{l|el|πανκ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈpa'''ŋ'''k/}}, {{l|el|Χέμινγουεϊ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈçemi'''ŋ'''ɣuˈei/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before velar and palatal consonants |
| style="text-align: left;" | before velar and palatal consonants<ref>For {{IPAfont|/ŋɟ ŋç/}} see §1.4.2.4. at Mackridge, Peter (1985) ''The Modern Greek Language: A Descriptive Analysis of Standard Modern Greek''. Oxford University Press.</ref><br>or pronunciations of non-Greek terms |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! {{l|el|ξ|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|ξ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ks}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless velar plosive}} and {{w|Voiceless alveolar fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiceless velar plosive}} and {{w|Voiceless alveolar fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ξένος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ξένος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ks'''enos/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! {{l|el|π|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|π|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|p}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless bilabial plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiceless bilabial plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|πόδι|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|πόδι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''p'''oði/}}, {{l|el|κάπου|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈka'''p'''u/}}, {{l|el|παπάς|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''p'''aˈpas/}}, {{l|el|πέντε|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''p'''ende/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! {{l|el|ρ|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|ρ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɾ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|r}}}}}} |
||
| {{w|Alveolar flap}} |
| {{w|Alveolar flap}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ροδιά|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ροδιά|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''ɾ'''oˈðʝa/}}, {{l|el|ψάρι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈpsa'''ɾ'''i/}}, {{l|el|πάρα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈpa'''ɾ'''a/}}, {{l|el|ρετσίνα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''ɾ'''eˈt͡sina/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! {{l|el|σ|tr=-}}/{{l|el|ς|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|σ|tr=-}}/{{l|el|ς|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|s}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless alveolar fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiceless alveolar fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|σώμα|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|σώμα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''s'''oma/}}, {{l|el|δάσος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈða'''s'''os/}}, {{l|el|βάση|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈva'''s'''i/}}, {{l|el|σαλάτα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''s'''aˈlata/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! {{l|el|σ|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|σ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|z}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiced alveolar fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiced alveolar fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|Λέσβος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|Λέσβος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈle'''z'''vos/}}, {{l|el|Πελασγός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/pelaˈ'''z'''ɣos/}}, {{l|el|Έσδρας|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈe'''z'''ðɾas/}}, {{l|el|κόσμος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈko'''z'''mos/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{IPAfont|[v, ɣ, ʝ, ð, z, m]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! {{l|el|τ|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|τ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|t}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless dental plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiceless dental plosive}} |
||
{{w|Voiceless alveolar plosive}} |
{{w|Voiceless alveolar plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|τέλος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|τέλος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''t'''elos/}}, {{l|el|ποτό|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/poˈ'''t'''o/}}, {{l|el|μητέρα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/miˈ'''t'''eɾa/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! {{l|el|φ|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|φ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|f}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless labiodental fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiceless labiodental fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|φόρος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|φόρος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''f'''oɾos/}}, {{l|el|νέφος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈne'''f'''os/}}, {{l|el|φούστα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''f'''usta/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|χ|tr=-}} |
! rowspan=2 style="vertical-align: top;" | {{l|el|χ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|x}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless velar fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiceless velar fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|χαρά|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|χαρά|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''x'''aˈɾa/}}, {{l|el|άγχος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈaŋ'''x'''os/}}, {{l|el|χουρμάς|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''x'''uɾˈmas/}}, {{l|el|χρεώνω|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''x'''ɾeˈo.no/}}, {{l|el|δάχτυλο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈða'''x'''.ti.lo/}}, {{l|el|Αλλάχ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/aˈlax/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{IPAfont|[a, o, u]}}, or consonants; at the end of words |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ç}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless palatal fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiceless palatal fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|χιόνι|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|χιόνι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ç'''oni/}}, {{l|el|βροχή|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/vɾoˈ'''ç'''i/}}, {{l|el|χέρι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ç'''eɾi/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, ει, οι}}, {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, ει, οι}}, {{IPAfont|[e]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! {{l|el|ψ|tr=-}} |
! {{l|el|ψ|tr=-}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ps}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiceless bilabial plosive}} and {{w|Voiceless alveolar fricative}} |
| {{w|Voiceless bilabial plosive}} and {{w|Voiceless alveolar fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ψωμί|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ψωμί|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''ps'''oˈmi/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|} |
|} |
||
Line 325: | Line 359: | ||
|- |
|- |
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! <b>{{lang|el|τσ}}<br/>{{lang|el|τς}}</b> |
! <b>{{lang|el|τσ}}<br/>{{lang|el|τς}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ts}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
|||
| {{w|Voiceless alveolar affricate}} |
|||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|τσέπη|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|τσέπη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ts'''epi/}}, {{l|el|παπούτσι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/paˈpu'''ts'''i/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! <b>{{lang|el|τζ}}</b> |
! <b>{{lang|el|τζ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|dz}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
|||
| {{w|Voiced alveolar affricate}} |
|||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|τζαμί|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|τζαμί|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''dz'''aˈmi/}}, {{l|el|παντζάρι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/panˈ'''dz'''aɾi/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=4 style="vertical-align: middle;" | <b>{{lang|el|μπ}}</b> |
! rowspan=4 style="vertical-align: middle;" | <b>{{lang|el|μπ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|b}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiced bilabial plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiced bilabial plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|μπότα|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|μπότα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''b'''ota/}}, {{l|el|μπίρα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''b'''iɾa/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | initial position |
| style="text-align: left;" | initial position |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|mb}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced bilabial plosive}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced bilabial plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|καμπάνα|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|καμπάνα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ka'''m'''ˈ'''b'''ana/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors; alternative pronunciations: {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors; alternative pronunciations: {{IPAfont|[ᵐb, b]}} |
||
<!-- |- |
<!-- |- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ᵐb}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|έμπορος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|έμπορος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈe'''ᵐb'''oɾos/}}, {{l|el|κομπιούτερ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/koˈ'''ᵐb'''ʝuteɾ/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors |
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors |
||
--> |
--> |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|b}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiced bilabial plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiced bilabial plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|μπουμπούκι|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|μπουμπούκι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/buˈ'''b'''uci/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors |
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|mp}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless bilabial plosive}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless bilabial plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|κομπιούτερ|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|κομπιούτερ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ko'''mˈp'''çuteɾ/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | with borrowed words |
| style="text-align: left;" | with borrowed words (careful § barely attested pronunciation), commonly pronounced {{IPAfont|/ko'''ˈb'''ʝuter/}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! <b>{{lang|el|μπτ}}</b> |
! <b>{{lang|el|μπτ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|mt}}}}}} or {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|mpt}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|Πέμπτη|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|Πέμπτη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈpe'''mt'''i/}} or {{IPAfont|/ˈpe'''mpt'''i/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=4 style="vertical-align: middle;" | <b>{{lang|el|ντ}}</b> |
! rowspan=4 style="vertical-align: middle;" | <b>{{lang|el|ντ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|d}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiced dental plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiced dental plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ντουλάπα|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ντουλάπα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''d'''uˈlapa/}}, {{l|el|ντάμα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''d'''ama/}}, {{l|el|ντομάτα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/'''d'''oˈmata/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | initial position |
| style="text-align: left;" | initial position |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|nd}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced dental plosive}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced dental plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|πέντε|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|πέντε|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈpe'''nd'''e/}}, {{l|el|έντομο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈe'''nd'''omo/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors; alternative pronunciation: {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors; alternative pronunciation: {{IPAfont|[ⁿd, d]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|d}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiced dental plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiced dental plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ντουντούκα|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ντουντούκα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/duˈ'''d'''uka/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors |
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|nt}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless dental plosive}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless dental plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αντένα|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αντένα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/a'''nˈt'''ena/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | with borrowed words |
| style="text-align: left;" | with borrowed words (careful § barely attested pronunciation), commonly pronounced {{IPAfont|/a'''ˈd'''ena/}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! <b>{{lang|el|ντσ}}<br/>{{lang|el|ντς}}</b> |
! <b>{{lang|el|ντσ}}<br/>{{lang|el|ντς}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|nt͡s}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless alveolar affricate}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless alveolar affricate}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αβάντσα|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αβάντσα|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/aˈva'''nt͡s'''a/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! <b>{{lang|el|ντζ}}</b> |
! <b>{{lang|el|ντζ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|nd͡z}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced alveolar affricate}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced alveolar affricate}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|σκαντζόχοιρος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|σκαντζόχοιρος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ska'''ˈnd͡z'''oçiɾos/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | Many speakers don't distinguish between dz and ndz and for those who do their ndz doesn't map consistently with the established spellings, thus the given word may be pronounced as {{IPAfont|/ska'''ˈdz'''oçiɾos/}} by both of the above-mentioned groups. |
|||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=4 style="vertical-align: middle;" | <b>{{lang|el|γκ}}</b> |
! rowspan=4 style="vertical-align: middle;" | <b>{{lang|el|γκ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɡ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiced velar plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiced velar plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|γκρίνια|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|γκρίνια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ɡ'''ɾiɲa/}}, {{l|el|γκάζι|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ɡ'''azi/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | initial position, before {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | initial position, before {{IPAfont|[a, o, u]}}, or a consonant |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɟ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| {{w|Voiced palatal plosive}} |
| {{w|Voiced palatal plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|γκιόνης|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|γκιόνης|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈ'''ɟ'''onis/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | initial position, before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, οι, ει}}, {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | initial position, before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, οι, ει}}, {{IPAfont|[e]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋɡ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced velar plosive}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced velar plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αγκώνας|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αγκώνας|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/a'''ŋ'''ˈ'''ɡ'''onas/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position |
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋɟ}}}}}} |
||
|<!-- |
|<!-- {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɲɟ}}}}}}--> |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced palatal plosive}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced palatal plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ανάγκη|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ανάγκη|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/aˈna'''ŋɟ'''i/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position |
| style="text-align: left;" | medial position |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! <b>{{lang|el|γκτ}}</b> |
! <b>{{lang|el|γκτ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋkt}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ελεγκτής|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|ελεγκτής|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/eleˈ'''ŋkt'''is/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=4 valign=central | <b>{{lang|el|γγ}}</b> |
! rowspan=4 valign=central | <b>{{lang|el|γγ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋɡ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced velar plosive}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced velar plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αγγλικός|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αγγλικός|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/a'''ŋɡ'''liˈkos/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | alternate pronunciation: {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | alternate pronunciation: {{IPAfont|[ᵑɡ, ɡ]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋɟ}}}}}} |
||
|<!-- |
|<!-- {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɲɟ}}}}}}--> |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced palatal plosive}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced palatal plosive}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|άγγελος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|άγγελος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈa'''ŋɟ'''elos/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, ει, οι}}, {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{lang|el|ι, η, υ, ει, οι}}, {{IPAfont|[e]}}; alternate pronunciation: {{IPAfont|[ᵑɟ, ɟ]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋɣ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced velar fricative}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced velar fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|έγγραφο|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|έγγραφο|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈe'''ŋɣ'''ɾafo/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋʝ}}}}}} |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋj}}}}}} |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced palatal fricative}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiced palatal fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|εγγεγραμμένος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|εγγεγραμμένος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/e'''ŋʝ'''eɣɾaˈmenos/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{IPAfont|[i]}} and {{IPAfont|[e]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
! rowspan=2 valign=central | <b>{{lang|el|γχ}}</b> |
! rowspan=2 valign=central | <b>{{lang|el|γχ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋx}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless velar fricative}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless velar fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|άγχος|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|άγχος|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/ˈa'''ŋx'''os/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|- |
|- |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋç}}}}}} |
||
|<!-- |
|<!-- {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ɲç}}}}}}--> |
||
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless palatal fricative}} |
| [[w:Prenasalized consonant|Prenasalized]] {{w|Voiceless palatal fricative}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αγχίνοια|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|αγχίνοια|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/a'''ŋ'''ˈ'''ç'''inia/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | before {{IPAfont|[i]}} and {{IPAfont|[e]}} |
||
|- |
|- |
||
!<b>{{lang|el|γξ}}</b> |
!<b>{{lang|el|γξ}}</b> |
||
| |
| {{big|{{big|{{IPAfont|ŋks}}}}}} |
||
| |
| |
||
| |
| |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|Σφιγξ|tr=-}} {{ |
| style="text-align: left;" | {{l|el|Σφιγξ|tr=-}} {{IPAfont|/sfi'''ŋks'''/}} |
||
| style="text-align: left;" | |
| style="text-align: left;" | |
||
|} |
|} |
||
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[[Category:Greek appendices|Pronunciation]] |
[[Category:Greek appendices|Pronunciation]] |
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[[Category:Pronunciation by language]] |
[[Category:Pronunciation by language]] |
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[[el:Παράρτημα:Προφορά/ελληνικά]] |
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[[fr:Annexe:Prononciation/grec]] |
Latest revision as of 15:39, 14 March 2024
Disclaimer: This page does not yet reflect community policy. If you want to discuss or contribute to the development or adoption of this potential policy you are encouraged to do so on the discussion page. |
Vowels[edit]
The following table contains some vowel letters that are pronounced as consonants.
Also see Diphthongs.
IPA | IPA used elsewhere | Articulation | Examples | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
α | a | ɐ | low central | αγορά /aɣoˈɾa/, άνω /ˈano/ | |
ο ω |
o | o̞ or ɔ | mid back | ομάδα /oˈmaða/ πάνω /ˈpano/, ωμέγα /oˈmeɣa/ |
|
ου | u | high back | πουλί /puˈli/, φούστα /ˈfusta/ | ||
ε αι |
e | e̞ or ɛ | mid front | πεθερά /peθeˈɾa/, μέλι /ˈmeli/ αιτία /eˈtia/, παιδί /peˈði/ |
|
ι η υ ει οι υι |
i | high front | βιβλίο /viˈvlio/, παιδί /peˈði/ μητέρα /miˈteɾa/, νίκη /ˈnici/ γλυκό /ɣliˈko/ κλειδί /kliˈði/ |
||
ι η υ οι ει |
ʝ | j | καράβια /kaˈɾavʝa/, παιδιά /peˈðʝa/, μαγειρειό /maʝiɾˈʝo/ | only with unstressed [i] after β, δ, ζ, ρ and before a vowel | |
ç | φωτιά /foˈtça/, ελάφια /eˈlafça/, καλάθια /kaˈlaθça/, ίσιος /ˈisços/, πιο /ˈpço/, ποιος /ˈpços/ | only with unstressed [i] after θ, π, σ, τ, φ and before a vowel | |||
ɲ | μια /ˈmɲa/, μυαλό /mɲaˈlo/ | only with unstressed [i] after μ and before a vowel | |||
για /ʝa/, κιάλια /ˈcaʎa/, νοιάζομαι /ˈɲazome/, χιόνι /ˈçoni/ | only with unstressed [i] after γ, κ, λ, ν, χ and before a vowel. The preceding consonant becomes palatal. | ||||
αυ | af | αυτός /aˈftos/, ταυ /ˈtaf/ | before unvoiced consonants (π τ κ θ χ σ ξ ψ)[1] and word-final | ||
av | αυγή /aˈvʝi/, μαύρος /ˈmavɾos/ | before vowels and voiced consonants (δ γ ζ λ ρ μ ν)[1] | |||
ευ | ef | ευχαριστώ /efxaɾiˈsto/ | before unvoiced consonants (π τ κ θ χ σ ξ ψ)[1] and word-final | ||
ev | ευαγγέλιο /evaŋˈɟelio/ | before vowels and voiced consonants (δ γ ζ λ ρ μ ν)[1] | |||
e | Εύβοια /ˈevia/, ευφημισμός /efimiˈzmos/ | before β, φ | |||
ηυ | if | επηυξημένος /epifksiˈmenos/ | before unvoiced consonants (π τ κ θ χ σ ξ ψ) and word-final | ||
iv | απηύδησα /aˈpivðisa/ | before vowels and voiced consonants (δ γ ζ λ ρ μ ν) |
Diphthongs[edit]
Diphthongs: when two vowels are pronounced very fast, as one syllable.
IPA | IPA used elsewhere | Examples | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
άι αϊ | ai̯ | aj a͜i | νεράιδα /neˈɾai̯.ða/, χαϊδεύω /xai̯ˈðe.vo/ | |
έι εϊ έυ εϋ |
ei̯ | ej e͜i | Χεμινγουέι /çe.miŋ.ɣuˈei̯/, λεϊμόνι /lei̯ˈmo.ni/ γκρέυ /ɡɾei̯/, τρόλεϋ /ˈtɾo.lei̯/ |
Chiefly in borrowings. Not to be confused with έι, εϊ, εϋ /e.i/ (with true diaeresis), as in τέιο, θεϊκός, and Κεϋλάνη. |
όι οϊ | oi̯ | oj o͜i | κορόιδο /koˈɾoi̯.ðo/, κοροϊδεύω /ko.ɾoi̯ˈðe.vo/ |
Consonants[edit]
Also see some Vowels that are pronounced as consonants.
Also see Grouped consonants.
IPA | IPA used elsewhere | Articulation | Examples | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | v | Voiced labiodental fricative | βουλή /vuˈli/, σοβαρός /sovaˈɾos/, συμβουλή /siɱvuˈli/, βόδι /ˈvoði/, βόρεια /ˈvoɾia/ | ||
γ | ɣ | Voiced velar fricative | γάμος /ˈɣamos/, αγάπη /aˈɣapi/, αγόρι /aˈɣoɾi/, γάτα /ˈɣata/ | before [a], [o], [u] | |
ʝ | j | Voiced palatal fricative | για /ʝa/, γένος /ˈʝenos/, Γεώργιος /ʝeˈoɾʝios/, γυαλί /ʝaˈli/ | before ι, η, υ, οι, ει and [e] | |
δ | ð | Voiced dental fricative (interdental) | δώρο /ˈðoɾo/, παιδί /peˈði/, δάχτυλο /ˈðaxtilo/, ενδιαφέρον /enðiaˈfeɾon/ | ||
ζ | z | z̺ | Voiced alveolar fricative | ζωή /zoˈi/, ζήλια /ˈziʎa/, χαζός /xaˈzos/, ζάχαρη /ˈzaxaɾi/ | |
θ | θ | Voiceless dental fricative (interdental) | θάλασσα /ˈθalasa/, άνθος /ˈanθos/, θέμα /ˈθema/ | ||
κ | k | Voiceless velar plosive | κόρη /ˈkoɾi/, σύκα /ˈsika/ | before [a] [o] [u] | |
c | Voiceless palatal plosive | κήπος /ˈcipos/, πακέτο /paˈceto/, κιάλια /ˈcaʎa/ | before ι, η, υ, ει, οι and [e] | ||
λ | l | Dental lateral approximant | λάθος /ˈlaθos/, καλό /kaˈlo/, λεμόνι /leˈmoni/, πάλι /ˈpali/ | [ʎ] before [i] in some dialects, idiolects | |
ʎ | Palatal lateral approximant | κιάλια /ˈcaʎa/ | [li]+vowel with [i] unstressed | ||
μ | m | Bilabial nasal | μόνος /ˈmonos/, χώμα /ˈxoma/ | ||
ɱ | Labiodental nasal | συμφωνία /siɱfoˈnia/, σύμβαση /ˈsiɱvasi/ | before β, φ (labial/labiodental fricatives) | ||
ν | n | Dental nasal | νονός /noˈnos/, ένας /ˈenas/, άνω /ˈano/, νύχτα /ˈnixta/, άνοιξη /ˈaniksi/ | [ɲ] before [i] in some dialects and idiolects | |
ɲ | Palatal nasal | νοιάζομαι /ˈɲazome/, πανιά /paˈɲa/ | [ni]+vowel with [i] unstressed | ||
ŋ | Velar nasal | άγγελος /ˈaŋɟelos/, ανάγκη /aˈnaŋɟi/, εγχείριση /eŋˈçiɾisi πανκ /ˈpaŋk/, Χέμινγουεϊ /ˈçemiŋɣuˈei/ |
before velar and palatal consonants[2] or pronunciations of non-Greek terms | ||
ξ | ks | Voiceless velar plosive and Voiceless alveolar fricative | ξένος /ˈksenos/ | ||
π | p | Voiceless bilabial plosive | πόδι /ˈpoði/, κάπου /ˈkapu/, παπάς /paˈpas/, πέντε /ˈpende/ | ||
ρ | ɾ | r | Alveolar flap | ροδιά /ɾoˈðʝa/, ψάρι /ˈpsaɾi/, πάρα /ˈpaɾa/, ρετσίνα /ɾeˈt͡sina/ | |
σ/ς | s | Voiceless alveolar fricative | σώμα /ˈsoma/, δάσος /ˈðasos/, βάση /ˈvasi/, σαλάτα /saˈlata/ | ||
σ | z | Voiced alveolar fricative | Λέσβος /ˈlezvos/, Πελασγός /pelaˈzɣos/, Έσδρας /ˈezðɾas/, κόσμος /ˈkozmos/ | before [v, ɣ, ʝ, ð, z, m] | |
τ | t | Voiceless dental plosive | τέλος /ˈtelos/, ποτό /poˈto/, μητέρα /miˈteɾa/ | ||
φ | f | Voiceless labiodental fricative | φόρος /ˈfoɾos/, νέφος /ˈnefos/, φούστα /ˈfusta/ | ||
χ | x | Voiceless velar fricative | χαρά /xaˈɾa/, άγχος /ˈaŋxos/, χουρμάς /xuɾˈmas/, χρεώνω /xɾeˈo.no/, δάχτυλο /ˈðax.ti.lo/, Αλλάχ /aˈlax/ | before [a, o, u], or consonants; at the end of words | |
ç | Voiceless palatal fricative | χιόνι /ˈçoni/, βροχή /vɾoˈçi/, χέρι /ˈçeɾi/ | before ι, η, υ, ει, οι, [e] | ||
ψ | ps | Voiceless bilabial plosive and Voiceless alveolar fricative | ψωμί /psoˈmi/ |
Grouped consonants[edit]
IPA | IPA used elsewhere | Articulation | Examples | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
τσ τς |
ts | τσέπη /ˈtsepi/, παπούτσι /paˈputsi/ | |||
τζ | dz | τζαμί /dzaˈmi/, παντζάρι /panˈdzaɾi/ | |||
μπ | b | Voiced bilabial plosive | μπότα /ˈbota/, μπίρα /ˈbiɾa/ | initial position | |
mb | Prenasalized Voiced bilabial plosive | καμπάνα /kamˈbana/ | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors; alternative pronunciations: [ᵐb, b] | ||
b | Voiced bilabial plosive | μπουμπούκι /buˈbuci/ | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors | ||
mp | Prenasalized Voiceless bilabial plosive | κομπιούτερ /komˈpçuteɾ/ | with borrowed words (careful § barely attested pronunciation), commonly pronounced /koˈbʝuter/ | ||
μπτ | mt or mpt | Πέμπτη /ˈpemti/ or /ˈpempti/ | |||
ντ | d | Voiced dental plosive | ντουλάπα /duˈlapa/, ντάμα /ˈdama/, ντομάτα /doˈmata/ | initial position | |
nd | Prenasalized Voiced dental plosive | πέντε /ˈpende/, έντομο /ˈendomo/ | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors; alternative pronunciation: [ⁿd, d] | ||
d | Voiced dental plosive | ντουντούκα /duˈduka/ | medial position, variation dependent on sociolinguistic/dialectal factors | ||
nt | Prenasalized Voiceless dental plosive | αντένα /anˈtena/ | with borrowed words (careful § barely attested pronunciation), commonly pronounced /aˈdena/ | ||
ντσ ντς |
nt͡s | Prenasalized Voiceless alveolar affricate | αβάντσα /aˈvant͡sa/ | ||
ντζ | nd͡z | Prenasalized Voiced alveolar affricate | σκαντζόχοιρος /skaˈnd͡zoçiɾos/ | Many speakers don't distinguish between dz and ndz and for those who do their ndz doesn't map consistently with the established spellings, thus the given word may be pronounced as /skaˈdzoçiɾos/ by both of the above-mentioned groups. | |
γκ | ɡ | Voiced velar plosive | γκρίνια /ˈɡɾiɲa/, γκάζι /ˈɡazi/ | initial position, before [a, o, u], or a consonant | |
ɟ | Voiced palatal plosive | γκιόνης /ˈɟonis/ | initial position, before ι, η, υ, οι, ει, [e] | ||
ŋɡ | Prenasalized Voiced velar plosive | αγκώνας /aŋˈɡonas/ | medial position | ||
ŋɟ | Prenasalized Voiced palatal plosive | ανάγκη /aˈnaŋɟi/ | medial position | ||
γκτ | ŋkt | ελεγκτής /eleˈŋktis/ | |||
γγ | ŋɡ | Prenasalized Voiced velar plosive | αγγλικός /aŋɡliˈkos/ | alternate pronunciation: [ᵑɡ, ɡ] | |
ŋɟ | Prenasalized Voiced palatal plosive | άγγελος /ˈaŋɟelos/ | before ι, η, υ, ει, οι, [e]; alternate pronunciation: [ᵑɟ, ɟ] | ||
ŋɣ | Prenasalized Voiced velar fricative | έγγραφο /ˈeŋɣɾafo/ | |||
ŋʝ | ŋj | Prenasalized Voiced palatal fricative | εγγεγραμμένος /eŋʝeɣɾaˈmenos/ | before [i] and [e] | |
γχ | ŋx | Prenasalized Voiceless velar fricative | άγχος /ˈaŋxos/ | ||
ŋç | Prenasalized Voiceless palatal fricative | αγχίνοια /aŋˈçinia/ | before [i] and [e] | ||
γξ | ŋks | Σφιγξ /sfiŋks/ |
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Holton, D., Mackridge, P. and Philippaki-Warburton, I. (1997). Greek: A comprehensive grammar of the modern language. London: Routledge.
- ^ For /ŋɟ ŋç/ see §1.4.2.4. at Mackridge, Peter (1985) The Modern Greek Language: A Descriptive Analysis of Standard Modern Greek. Oxford University Press.
Suggested sources[edit]
The main sources of the values above were:
- Holton, D., Mackridge, P. and Philippaki-Warburton, I. Greek: A Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language. London: Routledge, (1997).
- Peter Mackridge, The modern Greek Language
- Peter Mackridge, Η Νεοελληνική γλώσσα Athens (1990,1999) (translation in Greek by K.N. Petropoulos)
- Wikipedia: Modern Greek phonology
- Wikipedia: IPA for Greek
- Wikipedia: International Phonetic Alphabet
- Wikipedia: IPA chart for English
- Wiktionary: IPA pronunciation key