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# {{lb|zh|literary|or|dialectal}} {{n-g|third-person pronoun}}; [[he]]; [[she]]; [[it]]
# {{lb|zh|literary|or|dialectal}} {{n-g|third-person pronoun}}; [[he]]; [[she]]; [[it]]
#* {{zh-x|問 渠 哪 得 清 如 許，為 有 源頭 活水 來。|[I want to] ask '''it''' [the pond] why it can be so clear. It is because running water continuously flows in.|CL|ref={{c.|12th century}}, {{lw|zh|朱熹}} ({{w|Zhu Xi}}), {{lw|zh|s:觀書有感|觀書有感}}}}
#* {{zh-x|問 渠 哪 得 清 如 許，為 有 源頭 活水 來。|[I want to] ask '''it''' [the pond] why it can be so clear. It is because running water continuously flows in.|CL|ref={{c.|12th century}}, {{lw|zh|朱熹}} ({{w|Zhu Xi}}), {{lw|zh|s:觀書有感|觀書有感}}}}
#* {{zh-x|渠 是 哪個？|Who is '''this'''? <ref>{{R:cps:NBZ|41}}</ref>|tr=gy4 si6 na2 go3|SP-N}}


=====Synonyms=====
=====Synonyms=====

Revision as of 20:20, 17 May 2024

渠 U+6E20, &#28192;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E20
← 渟
[U+6E1F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 渡 →
[U+6E21]

Translingual

Han character

渠 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水尸木 (ESD), four-corner 31904, composition ⿱洰木)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 633, character 48
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17764
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1645, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6E20

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 渠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (巨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
柜 *kaʔ
渠 *ɡa
磲 *ɡa
蕖 *ɡa
蟝 *ɡa
璖 *ɡa
巨 *ɡaʔ
距 *ɡaʔ
拒 *ɡaʔ
苣 *ɡaʔ
炬 *ɡaʔ
詎 *ɡaʔ, *ɡas
鉅 *ɡaʔ
秬 *ɡaʔ
粔 *ɡaʔ
駏 *ɡaʔ
歫 *ɡaʔ
矩 *kʷaʔ
榘 *kʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ).

Etymology 1

trad. 渠
simp. # 渠
2nd round simp. 洰
“ditch; canal; drain”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka ~ *k(r)a (“path; way; channel; ditch”); probably the same word as 衢 (OC *ɡʷa, “passage”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྐ (rka, “gutter; channel; furrow”).

Pronunciation

Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 157: Incorrect tone notation "3" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu.

Definitions

渠

  1. ditch; canal; drain; man-made channel (Classifier: 條／条 m c)
    靈渠／灵渠  ―  Língqú  ―  Lingqu (a canal in present-day Xing'an County, Guangxi, China, constructed in 214 BCE)
    污水渠 [Cantonese]  ―  wu1 seoi2 keoi4 [Jyutping]  ―  sewer
  2. (literary) big; huge
  3. a surname
Usage notes

Unlike 溝／沟 (gōu), which refers to both artificial and natural watercourses, 渠 (qú) refers only to artificial watercourses.

Compounds

Etymology 2

trad. 渠
simp. # 渠
2nd round simp. 洰
alternative forms 𠍲
佢 dialectal
伊 S. Sixian Hakka; Shanghainese

Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢 and 伊.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • keoi5, heoi5 - vernacular (most commonly written as 佢);
  • keoi4 - literary.
Rime
Character 渠
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 強魚切
Baxter gjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiɔ/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		keoi4

Definitions

渠

  1. (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he; she; it
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 他 (“he”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 伊1, 彼, 其, 厥, 渠, 夫, 之 object, 乃
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 他
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 他, 怹 honorific
Taiwan 他
Chengde 他
Ulanhot 他
Tongliao 他
Chifeng 他
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 他
Heihe 他
Qiqihar 他
Harbin 他
Jiamusi 他
Baicheng 他
Changchun 他
Tonghua 他
Shenyang 他
Jinzhou 他
Malaysia 他
Singapore 他
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 他
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 他
Tangshan 他
Cangzhou 他
Lijin 他
Weifang (Weicheng) 他
Weifang (Fangzi) 他
Changle 他
Shouguang 他
Wulian 他
Jinan 他
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 他
Dandong 他
Yantai 他
Yantai (Muping) 他
Qingdao 他
Weifang (Hanting) 他
Changyi 他
Gaomi 他
Zhucheng 他
Anqiu 他
Linqu 他
Qingzhou 他
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 他
Lingbao 他
Wanrong 他, 伢
Linfen 他
Shangqiu 他
Yuanyang 他
Zhengzhou 他
Xinyang 他
Baihe 他
Xi'an 他
Dingbian 他
Baoji 他
Tianshui 他
Xining 家, 他
Xuzhou 他
Pizhou 他
Ganyu 他
Donghai 他
Fuyang 他
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 他
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 他
Bayanhot 他
Lanzhou 他, 那
Dunhuang 他
Hami 他
Ürümqi 他
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 他
Nanchong 他
Dazhou 他
Hanyuan 他
Xichang 他
Zigong 他
Chongqing 他
Wuhan 他, 他家
Yichang 他
Xiangyang 他
Tianmen 他
Guiyang 他
Zunyi 他
Bijie 他
Liping 他
Zhaotong 他
Dali 他
Kunming 他
Mengzi 他
Guilin 他
Liuzhou 他
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 他
Nanning (Fujian) 他
Nanning (Wuming) 他
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming) 他
Binyang (Nanjie) 他
Qinzhou (Longmengang) 他
Jishou 他
Changde 他
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 他
Hanzhong 他
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 他
Yangzhou 他
Baoying 他
Taizhou 他
Zhenjiang 他
Lianyungang 他
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 他
Lianshui 他
Xuyi 他
Xinghua 他
Nantong 他
Rugao 他
Yancheng 他
Funing 他
Sihong 他
Anqing 他
Wuhu 他
Hefei 他
Hong'an 他
Mandarin Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 他
Nanping (Yanping) 他
Cantonese Guangzhou 佢
Hong Kong 佢
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 佢
Hong Kong (Shek Pik Weitou) 佢
Macau 佢
Guangzhou (Panyu) 佢
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 佢
Guangzhou (Conghua) 佢
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 佢
Foshan 佢
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 佢
Foshan (Shunde) 佢
Foshan (Sanshui) 佢
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 佢
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 佢
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 佢
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 佢
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 佢
Zhongshan (Dongsheng) 佢
Zhongshan (Tanbei) 佢
Zhongshan (Henglan) 佢
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 佢
Zhongshan (Nantou) 佢
Zhongshan (Fusha) 佢
Zhongshan (Shalang) 佢
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 佢
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 佢
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 佢
Zhongshan (Langwang) 佢
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 佢
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 佢
Zhongshan (Banfu) 佢
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 佢
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 佢
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 佢
Zhuhai (Doumen) 佢
Jiangmen (Baisha) 佢
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 佢
Taishan 佢
Taishan (Guanghai) 佢
Kaiping (Chikan) 佢
Enping (Niujiang) 佢
Heshan (Yayao) 佢
Dongguan 佢
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 佢
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 佢
Shenzhen (Pingdong, Longgang; Shehua) 其
Shenzhen (Pingshan Zhanmi) 佢
Qingyuan 佢
Fogang 佢
Yingde (Hanguang) 佢
Yangshan 佢
Lianshan (Butian) 佢
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 佢
Shaoguan 佢
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 佢
Renhua 佢
Lechang 佢
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 佢
Sihui 佢
Guangning 佢
Deqing 佢
Huaiji 佢
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 佢
Yunfu 佢
Xinxing 佢
Luoding 佢
Yunan (Pingtai) 佢
Yangjiang 佢
Xinyi 佢
Lianjiang 佢
Nanning 佢
Wuzhou 佢
Yulin 佢
Hepu (Lianzhou) 佢
Baise 佢
Qinzhou 佢
Beihai 佢
Beihai (Nankang) 佢
Beihai (Yingpan) 佢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 佢
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 佢
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 佢
Danzhou 佢
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 佢
Penang (Guangfu) 佢
Singapore (Guangfu) 佢
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 佢
Móng Cái 佢
Yangon (Taishan) 佢
Mandalay (Taishan) 佢
Gan Nanchang 渠
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 渠
Anyi 渠仂
Lushan 渠
Pengze 渠
Duchang 渠, 渠儂
Wuning (Quankou) 渠
Poyang 渠
Yugan 渠, 渠郎
Wannian 渠
Hengfeng 渠, 渠仂
Yanshan 渠, 渠仂
Leping 渠
Yichun 渠
Yifeng 渠
Gao'an 渠
Fengxin 渠
Shanggao 渠
Wanzai 渠
Fengcheng 渠
Xinyu 渠
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 渠
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 渠仂
Nancheng 渠
Nanfeng 渠仂, 渠
Yihuang 渠
Lichuan 渠
Chongren 渠
Pingxiang 他
Lianhua 渠
Ji'an 渠
Yongfeng 渠
Taihe 渠
Xiajiang 渠
Yongxin 渠
Yingtan (Yujiang) 渠
Guixi 渠, 渠仂
Jianning 使
Jinxian 渠
Jinxi 渠
Le'an 渠
Guangchang 渠
Anfu 渠
Suichuan 渠
Wan'an 渠
Jing'an 渠
Zhangshu 渠
Xingan 渠
Fenyi 渠
Hakka Meixian 佢
Xingning 佢
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 佢
Huidong (Daling) 佢
Dongguan (Qingxi) 佢
Boluo (Bendihua) 佢
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 佢
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 佢
Wuhua (Huacheng) 佢
Wuhua (Meilin) 佢
Heyuan (Bendihua) 佢
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 佢
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 佢
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 佢
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 佢
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 佢
Liannan 佢
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 佢
Jiexi 佢
Changting 佢
Shanghang 佢
Longyan (Yongding) 佢
Wuping 佢
Wuping (Pingyu) 佢
Liancheng 佢
Ninghua 佢
Qingliu 佢
Yudu 佢
Ruijin 佢
Shicheng 佢
Shangyou (Shexi) 佢
Ganzhou (Nankang) 佢
Dingnan 佢
Longnan 佢
Xunwu 佢
Huichang 佢
Chongyi 佢
Xingguo 佢
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 佢
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 佢
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 佢
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 佢
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 佢
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 佢
Hong Kong 佢
Luchuan 佢
Bobai (Shahe) 佢
Bobai (Longtan) 佢
Bobai (Lingping) 佢
Bobai (Lingjiao) 佢
Sabah (Longchuan) 佢
Senai (Huiyang) 佢
Kuching (Hepo) 佢
Singkawang 佢
Bangkok (Meixian) 佢
Huizhou Jixi 渠, 渠仂
Dexing 渠
Chun'an (Qiandaohu) 渠
Jiande (Meicheng) 渠
Jiande (Shouchang) 渠, 渠儂
Jin Taiyuan 他
Yangyuan 他
Datong 他
Xinzhou 他
Lüliang (Lishi) 他
Changzhi 他
Taibus (Baochang) 他
Linhe 他
Jining 他
Hohhot 他
Baotou 他
Dongsheng 他
Haibowan 他
Erenhot 他
Pingshan 他
Zhangjiakou 他
Handan 他
Linzhou 他
Suide 他
Northern Min Jian'ou 渠
Jian'ou (Dikou) 渠
Songxi 渠
Zhenghe 渠
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 渠
Jianyang 渠
Pucheng (Shibei) 渠
Eastern Min Fuzhou 伊1
Fuzhou (Changle) 伊1
Lianjiang 伊1
Fuqing 伊1
Pingtan 伊1
Yongtai 伊1
Minqing 伊1
Gutian 伊1
Pingnan 伊1
Luoyuan 伊1
Fu'an 伊1
Ningde 伊1
Xiapu 伊1
Zherong 伊1
Shouning 伊1
Zhouning 伊1
Fuding 伊1
Matsu 伊1
Taishun 伊1
Cangnan 伊1
Sitiawan (Gutian) 伊1
Southern Min Xiamen 伊1
Xiamen (Tong'an) 伊1
Quanzhou 伊1
Jinjiang 伊1
Nan'an 伊1
Shishi 伊1
Hui'an 伊1
Anxi 伊1
Yongchun 伊1
Dehua 伊1
Zhangzhou 伊1
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 伊1
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 伊1
Hua'an 伊1
Nanjing 伊1
Pinghe 伊1
Zhangpu 伊1
Yunxiao 伊1
Zhao'an 伊1
Dongshan 伊1
Taipei 伊1
Taipei (Wanhua) 伊1
Kaohsiung 伊1
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 伊1
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) 伊1
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) 伊1
Yilan 伊1
Changhua (Lukang) 伊1
Taichung 伊1
Taichung (Wuqi) 伊1
Tainan 伊1
Taitung 伊1
Hsinchu 伊1
Kinmen 伊1
Penghu (Magong) 伊1
Penang (Hokkien) 伊1
Singapore (Hokkien) 伊1
Manila (Hokkien) 伊1
Medan (Hokkien) 伊1
Longyan 伊1
Zhangping 伊1
Datian 伊1
Pingnan (Shangdu) 他, 伊1
Guilin (Biyange) 伊1
Cangnan 伊1
Chaozhou 伊1
Shantou 伊1
Shantou (Chaoyang) 伊1
Jieyang 伊1
Haifeng 伊1
Bangkok (Teochew) 伊1
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 伊1
Singapore (Teochew) 伊1
Pontianak (Teochew) 伊1
Leizhou 伊1
Wenchang 伊1
Haikou 伊1
Qionghai 伊1
Singapore (Hainanese) 伊1
Puxian Min Putian 伊1
Xianyou 伊1
Central Min Yong'an 渠
Sanming (Sanyuan) 渠
Sanming (Shaxian) 渠
Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 渠
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 𠇼
Guangze 𠇼
Jiangle 渠
Mingxi 渠
Shunchang 渠
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 伊1
Sanxiang 伊1
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 佢
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 他
Shehua Jingning (Hexi) 渠
Wu Shanghai 伊2
Shanghai (Songjiang) 是渠, 實渠, 渠
Shanghai (Jiading) 伊2
Shanghai (Chongming) 伊2
Suzhou 俚, 俚倷, 唔倷
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 伊2, 伊奴
Wuxi 佗
Changshu 伊2
Haimen 他, 伊2
Jiaxing 伊內
Jiashan 伊2, 伊儂
Pinghu 伊儂
Haining (Yanguan) 伊2
Tongxiang 伊2, 夷儂
Haiyan 伊2, 葉內, 候內
Changzhou 佗
Danyang 他
Gaochun 他
Huzhou 是其
Changxing 是夷, 夷
Anji 其
Deqing 夷
Hangzhou 他
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 夷, 其
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 夷, 是夷, 其
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 夷, 是夷
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) 夷
Tonglu 夷, 是夷
Tonglu (Wusheng) 夷, 他
Shaoxing 夷
Zhuji 其
Shengzhou 夷
Xinchang 其
Ningbo 渠, 渠儂
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 其
Ningbo (Fenghua) 其
Yuyao 渠
Cixi 渠
Xiangshan 其, 像其
Ninghai 其, 其儂
Zhoushan 其
Taizhou (Huangyan) 渠
Tiantai 渠
Xianju 渠
Sanmen 渠
Linhai 渠
Wenling 渠
Wenzhou 渠
Yueqing 渠
Yongjia (Fenglin) 渠
Rui'an 渠
Pingyang 渠
Taishun 其
Wencheng 渠
Lishui 渠
Qingtian 渠
Jinyun 渠
Wuyi (Liucheng) 渠
Songyang (Xiping) 渠
Yunhe 他, 其
Jingning 他, 渠
Qingyuan 渠
Longquan 渠
Quzhou 渠
Suichang 渠
Jiangshan 渠
Changshan 渠
Kaihua 渠
Longyou 渠, 渠儂
Jinhua 渠
Jinhua (Tangxi) 渠, 渠儂
Yiwu 渠
Yongkang 渠
Pujiang 其, 徐
Dongyang 渠
Wuyi 渠
Lanxi 渠, 渠儂
Xiang Changsha 他
Loudi 他
Shuangfeng 他
Quanzhou 他
Note In spoken language, Chinese varieties in general do not distinguish gender/animacy in the third-person pronoun; distinctions are only sometimes made in writing.
佢 is commonly used in Yue, Hakka and Pinghua, while 渠 is more common in other varieties

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

渠

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

渠 (eum 거 (geo))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

渠: Hán Nôm readings: cừ, gừa, khờ, cự

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  1. ^ 覃遠雄, 韋樹關, 卞成林, editors (1997), 南寧平話詞典 [A Dictionary of Nanning Pinghua] (Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects), first edition, Nanjing: 江蘇教育出版社, page 41
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